Chapter 1: Evidence-Based Practice with Physical Agents

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	Which of the following is NOT an essential component in the implementation of evidence-based practice?
A.	Current research	
B.	Clinical experience	
C.	Patient goals	
D.	Notes from school from 10 years ago	

____	2.	Which of the following organizations includes the use of evidence-based practice in its “Vision 2020”?
A.	Commission on Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE)	
B.	American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)	
C.	Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT)	
D.	Medicare	

____	3.	After reading a patient’s evaluation, you determine that exercises to strengthen the vastus medialis muscle would be beneficial. You ask yourself, “What exercises would promote maximum firing of vastus medialis muscle fibers?” This is an example of which of the following steps of evidence-based practice?
A.	Ask	
B.	Acquire	
C.	Appraise	
D.	Apply	

____	4.	When evaluating the design of a research study, we can utilize the hierarchy of evidence. With which of the following factors does the hierarchy rank research designs?
A.	Publication date	
B.	Length of study	
C.	Bias	
D.	Number of subjects	

____	5.	Which of the following best defines the term “control group”?
A.	The group that controls the entire study	
B.	The group receiving the intervention	
C.	The group not receiving the intervention	
D.	The group that reviews the study outcome	

____	6.	Which of the following research designs contains a control group?
A.	Experimental	
B.	Quasi-experimental	
C.	Non-experimental	
D.	Case study	

____	7.	While reading an advertisement in the paper, you notice that the local hospital is looking for participants in a research study. They are looking for people who have knee pain. The advertisement states that if the person has had knee surgery of any type within the past six months that they will not be considered for participation. Which of the following is considered the inclusion criteria for this study?
A.	Knee pain	
B.	Knee pain and knee surgery	
C.	Knee surgery	
D.	Absence of knee pain and absence of knee surgery	

____	8.	Which of the following best describes the relationship between the number of subjects to the strength of the research study?
A.	There is no relationship.	
B.	The higher the number of subjects, the stronger the study.	
C.	The lower the number of subjects, the stronger the study.	
D.	Studies that have subjects also have the least strength.	

____	9.	Which of the following best describes a “peer-reviewed journal”?
A.	A journal that your co-worker was able to read first	
B.	A journal in which the articles have been evaluated for credibility and relevance by experts after publication	
C.	A journal in which the articles have been evaluated for credibility and relevance by experts prior to publication	
D.	A journal in which you plan to share your thoughts with the editor	

Chapter 1: Evidence-Based Practice with Physical Agents
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	ANS:	D

	Feedback	
A	Incorrect. Evidence-based practice does integrate best research evidence.	
B	Incorrect. Evidence-based practice does integrate clinical experience.	
C	Incorrect. Evidence-based practice does integrate patient goals and values.	
D	Correct. Evidence-based practice does not rely on class notes that are a decade old.	

PTS:	1	KEY:	evidence-based practice

	2.	ANS:	B

	Feedback	
A	Incorrect. CAPTE has positions related to the use of evidence-based practice in PT education, but it does not have a “Vision 2020.”	
B	Correct. The APTA has a “Vision 2020,” which refers to the use of evidence-based practice for practicing clinicians.	
C	Incorrect. The FSBPT does not have a “Vision 2020.”	
D	Incorrect. Medicare does not have a “Vision 2020.”	

PTS:	1	KEY:	evidence-based practice

	3.	ANS:	A

	Feedback	
A	Correct. Asking an answerable, clinical question is the first step in evidence-based practice.	
B	Incorrect. Acquiring the best available evidence would include gathering research.	
C	Incorrect. Appraising the evidence would include analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence that was acquired.	
D	Incorrect. Applying the evidence would include choosing and implementing an exercise to fire the vastus medialis in clinical practice for this patient.	

PTS:	1	KEY:	evidence-based practice

	4.	ANS:	C

	Feedback	
A	Incorrect. Publication date does not factor into the hierarchy of evidence.	
B	Incorrect. Length of study does not factor into the hierarchy of evidence.	
C	Correct. The hierarchy of evidence ranks research designs based on their ability to minimize bias.	
D	Incorrect. Number of subjects does not factor into the hierarchy of evidence. It does affect the strength of the study, but it doesn’t change the hierarchy.	

PTS:	1	KEY:	evidence-based practice

	5.	ANS:	C

	Feedback	
A	Incorrect. This answer defines the researchers.	
B	Incorrect. This answer defines the experimental group.	
C	Correct. This answer is the definition of the control group.	
D	Incorrect. This answer defines the experts who evaluate studies for credibility and relevance prior to publication in a peer-reviewed journal.	

PTS:	1	KEY:	evidence-based practice

	6.	ANS:	A

	Feedback	
A	Correct. Experimental designs contain a control group and an experimental group, allowing the researchers to manipulate variables.	
B	Incorrect. Because groups in quasi-experimental designs are not randomly assigned, many factors are not controlled. Therefore, no control group exists in quasi-experimental design.	
C	Incorrect. Non-experimental studies are those in which researchers observe and collect data without controlling any factors involved.	
D	Incorrect. A case study is a report on a very small number of patients without a control group.	

PTS:	1	KEY:	evidence-based practice

	7.	ANS:	A

	Feedback	
A	Correct. Knee pain is the characteristic the subjects must possess in order to be included in the study.	
B	Incorrect. Knee surgery is the exclusion criteria.	
C	Incorrect. Knee surgery is the exclusion criteria.	
D	Incorrect. Absence of knee pain would be considered exclusion criteria.	

PTS:	1	KEY:	evidence-based practice

	8.	ANS:	B

	Feedback	
A	Incorrect. There is a relationship between the strength of a study and the number of subjects included.	
B	Correct. A higher number of subjects included in a study makes the statistics more mathematically meaningful.	
C	Incorrect. A lower number of subjects included in a study makes the statistics less mathematically meaningful.	
D	Incorrect. Studies must have subjects.	

PTS:	1	KEY:	evidence-based practice

	9.	ANS:	C

	Feedback	
A	Incorrect. This is not the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.”	
B	Incorrect. This is not the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.” The experts evaluate the research prior to publication.	
C	Correct. This is the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.”	
D	Incorrect. This is not the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.”	

PTS:	1	KEY:	evidence-based practice