Chapter 1

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	A nurse is educating a nursing student about nursing history. The nurse explains that throughout ancient history, nursing care was provided by family members and
1.	Nurses.	
2.	Physicians.	
3.	Male priests.	
4.	Female priests.	

____	2.	A nurse is teaching a student about the history of nursing. The nurse informs the student that in 1836, the first school of nursing was established in Kaiserworth, Germany, by
1.	Jean Watson.	
2.	Clara Barton.	
3.	Theodor Fliedner.	
4.	Florence Nightingale.	

____	3.	A nurse teaches a student nurse that in 1897, the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States was formed in an effort to
1.	Set standards and rules in nursing education.	
2.	Keep nurses aware of the newest medical information.	
3.	Oversee training to protect patients from incompetent nurses.	
4.	Keep nurses updated on the newest information about nursing education.	

____	4.	The purpose of the National League for Nursing is to
1.	Set standards and rules in nursing education.	
2.	Keep nurses aware of the newest medical information.	
3.	Oversee training to protect patients from incompetent nurses.	
4.	Keep nurses updated on the newest information about nursing education.	

____	5.	All states required practical nurses to be licensed in the year
1.	1940.	
2.	1945.	
3.	1950.	
4.	1955.	

____	6.	The title licensed practical nurse (LPN) is used in all states except California and
1.	Texas.	
2.	Maine.	
3.	Alaska.	
4.	Arizona.	

____	7.	The National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nursing (NCLEX-PN) is
1.	Taken in order to practice as a nurse.	
2.	Given as an entrance examination for nursing school.	
3.	Individualized based on where an examinee resides.	
4.	Taken in order to practice as a certified nursing assistant (CNA).	

____	8.	A nurse recruiter is seeking a graduate nurse who has been educated more extensively on management and leadership. The graduate nurse who most likely fits this description is the
1.	Diploma nurse.	
2.	Associate degree nurse (ADN).	
3.	Licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN).	
4.	Baccalaureate degree nurse (BSN).	

____	9.	Which statement about the Nurse Practice Act is accurate?
1.	The Nurse Practice Act clarifies who can supervise a physician.	
2.	The Nurse Practice Act is the law that governs the actions of nurses.	
3.	The Nurse Practice Act is determined by the National League of Nursing.	
4.	The Nurse Practice Act specifies the tasks of the unlicensed assistive personnel.	

____	10.	A nurse educates a nursing student about the Nurse Practice Act. The nursing student demonstrates understanding when he or she states:
1.	“The Nurse Practice Act is the same in every state.”	
2.	“The Nurse Practice Act does not specify who can supervise a nurse.”	
3.	“The Nurse Practice Act is determined by the American Nurses Association.”	
4.	“The Nurse Practice Act establishes the scope of practice for each level of nurse.”	

____	11.	While caring for a patient, a nurse performs a nursing action that is not within his or her scope of practice. The nurse has violated the
1.	Ethics Committee.	
2.	Nurse Practice Act.	
3.	State Department of Health.	
4.	National League for Nursing Education.	

____	12.	The Nurse Practice Act is enforced by the
1.	State Board of Nursing.	
2.	County Health Department.	
3.	State Department of Health.	
4.	National League for Nursing.	

____	13.	A nurse is caring for a resident in a long-term setting. The nurse best demonstrates a caring approach when
1.	Performing all activities of daily living for the resident.	
2.	Asking the resident’s spouse to bring a family picture for the resident’s room.	
3.	Answering the resident’s questions quickly without allowing time for clarification.	
4.	Encouraging the resident’s spouse to decide which activities the resident should do.	

____	14.	A nurse is caring for multiple patients on a medical unit. The nurse can best practice the art of nursing with an emphasis on caring by
1.	Providing identical care to each patient.	
2.	Individualizing care provided to each patient.	
3.	Viewing the patients in terms of a cellular disorder.	
4.	Viewing the patients as seriously ill and needing a cure.	

____	15.	A nurse is educating a student nurse about the responsibilities of a student nurse. The nurse recognizes that additional teaching is needed when the student nurse states:
1.	“I will check laboratory results for my patients often.”	
2.	“I am responsible for noting abnormal assessment findings.”	
3.	“I will frequently check the patient’s chart for diagnostic test results.”	
4.	“It is not within my scope of practice to notify someone of abnormal findings.”	

____	16.	A nursing instructor teaches a student nurse about the importance of joining a professional organization. The nursing instructor recognizes that further instruction is necessary when the student nurse states,
1.	“Professional organizations allow me to have a collective voice.”	
2.	“Professional organizations limit my ability to influence laws and policies.”	
3.	“Professional behavior is demonstrated by joining a professional organization.”	
4.	“By joining a professional organization, I will have opportunities for leadership.”	

____	17.	A nursing instructor teaches students that Florence Nightingale was
1.	The founder of contemporary nurses’ notes.	
2.	A provider of nursing care during the Crimean War.	
3.	The first president of what is known today as the American Red Cross.	
4.	Known as the “Angel of the Battlefield” during the U.S. Civil War.	

____	18.	A student nurse is learning about nursing history. The student nurse recognizes that Lillian Wald is best described as
1.	Instrumental in providing nursing care during the Crimean War.	
2.	The first visiting nurse and founder of the Henry Street Settlement.	
3.	Instrumental in establishing a 3-year training program for nurses.	
4.	The first president of what is known today as the American Red Cross.	

____	19.	A student nurse is learning about women who molded nursing history. The student nurse recognizes that Mary Mahoney is best described as
1.	The first visiting nurse and founder of the Henry Street Settlement.	
2.	The first president of the National Association for Colored Graduate Nurses.	
3.	An activist for nursing labor reform who advocated for meal breaks for nurses.	
4.	An activist for better mental health care and the establishment of psychiatric hospitals.	

____	20.	A nurse works in a hospital that provides care based on the nursing theory of Martha Rogers. The nurse recognizes that this theory is based on the goal of
1.	Helping clients attain total self-care.	
2.	Providing nursing care that is culturally diverse.	
3.	Maintaining an environment free of negative energy.	
4.	Recognizing one’s pattern of interacting with the environment.	

____	21.	A nursing student is learning about the nursing theory of Margaret Newman. The nursing student recognizes that this theory is based on the goal of
1.	Helping clients attain total self-care.	
2.	Providing nursing care that is culturally diverse.	
3.	Maintaining an environment free of negative energy.	
4.	Recognizing one’s pattern of interacting with the environment.	

____	22.	A nurse works in a facility that promotes helping clients attain total self-care. The nurse recognizes this approach as adhering to the ideas of nursing theorist
1.	Martha Rogers.	
2.	Dorothea Orem.	
3.	Virginia Henderson.	
4.	Hildegard E. Peplau.	

____	23.	When caring for a patient, a nurse maintains an environment that is free of negative energy. The nurse is demonstrating care based on nursing theorist
1.	Imogene King.	
2.	Betty Neuman.	
3.	Martha Rogers.	
4.	Sister Callista Roy.	

____	24.	A student nurse is learning about nursing theorists. Based on this learning, the student nurse writes a care plan focused on providing culturally diverse care. The student nurse is adopting the approach of nursing theorist
1.	Myra Levine.	
2.	Dorothea Orem.	
3.	Sister Callista Roy.	
4.	Madeleine M. Leininger.	

____	25.	A registered nurse (RN) who wishes to become a clinical nurse specialist (CNS), nurse practitioner (NP), certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA), or certified nurse midwife (CNM) must complete a
1.	Doctor of nursing practice (DNP) degree.	
2.	Practical nurse (PN) to associate degree nurse (ADN) program.	
3.	Master of science in nursing (MSN) degree.	
4.	Bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) degree.	

____	26.	Nursing students in which of the following entry-level nursing education programs can receive credit toward their course requirements for a baccalaureate degree in nursing?
1.	Practical nurse (PN) to bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) program	
2.	Associate degree nurse (ADN) to BSN program	
3.	Diploma to BSN program	
4.	All of the above	

____	27.	The ability of a nurse to care for several patients, help families understand what is happening to a patient, and notice changes in a patient’s condition are all examples of an important characteristic of nurses known as
1.	Being helpful.	
2.	Being responsible.	
3.	Being organized.	
4.	Being compassionate.	

____	28.	One aspect of professional behavior includes the participation in professional organizations. Which of the following organizations is not available to the student nurse?
1.	National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)	
2.	American Nurses Association (ANA)	
3.	The National Student Nurse Association (NSNA)	
4.	Health Occupations Students of America (HOSA)	

____	29.	A problem-solving approach to delivering health care that uses the best evidence from nursing research studies and patient care data, and considers the patient’s preferences and values is known as
1.	Evidence-based practice (EBP).	
2.	The interacting systems framework.	
3.	Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN).	
4.	The adaptation model.	

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

____	30.	Examples of unprofessional conduct that could lead to having one’s nursing license revoked or suspended include which of the following? Select all that apply.
1.	Accidentally causing a skin tear on a frail elderly patient	
2.	Conduct that violates the Nurse Practice Act	
3.	Documenting patient care at the end of the shift	
4.	The use of drugs or alcohol while on duty	
5.	Failure to supervise nursing assistants and unlicensed assistive personnel	

____	31.	The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) project was established to equip the next generation of nurses to help make needed changes in health care. Which of the following are included in the six prelicensure knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) for nursing and graduate students? Select all that apply.
1.	Patient-centered care	
2.	Appearance	
3.	Leadership	
4.	Teamwork and collaboration	
5.	Evidence-based practice	

Completion
Complete each statement.

	32.	A nursing student in the first year of a(n) ____________________ program will prepare to take the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN). After passing the examination, the student will work as a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) while completing the second-year curriculum. The student can then take the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) to be licensed as a registered nurse (RN).

	33.	Patients place their trust in and depend on nurses. One of the most important characteristics of a nurse is to be ____________________ with patients about anything that could potentially harm them.

	34.	A nurse’s ability to deal with changing orders from the physician, patient needs and problems, supervision and delegation issues, vital signs readings, and medication orders requires being ____________________; it is the only way for them to accomplish all of this for several patients during one shift.

	35.	All nurses are responsible for knowing their own ____________________ of practice, or the limitations and allowances of what they can do as a nurse.

	36.	Arriving on time and prepared to work, assuming responsibility for other nurses’ patients when they leave the unit, and leaving the unit only after ensuring that another nurse is aware of and responsible for your patients are all examples of professional ____________________.

	37.	Whereas other health-care professionals come in and out of patients’ lives with short-term contact, as 24/7 caregivers, nurses have an amazing opportunity to ____________________ patients’ lives every day.

	38.	A failure to adequately care for patients or conform to minimum standards of nursing practice is considered ____________________ conduct and in many states is a reason to revoke or suspend a nurse’s license.

Chapter 1
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	ANS:	3
Objective:1. Trace the providers of nursing care from ancient history until the mid-1800s.
Page: 2-4 
Heading: History of Nursing—A Look at Where We Have Been
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Health Care System
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	Through ancient history, nursing care was provided by family members and male priests.	
2	Through ancient history, nursing care was provided by family members and male priests.	
3	Through ancient history, nursing care was provided by family members and male priests.	
4	Through ancient history, nursing care was provided by family members and male priests.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Health Care System		

	2.	ANS:	3
Objective: 2. Trace the providers of nursing care from ancient history until the mid-1800s. C. Summarize the development of modern nursing.
Page: 2-4 
Heading: History of Nursing—A Look at Where We Have Been
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	Jean Watson developed a theory based on caring in 1979.	
2	Clara Barton cared for soldiers during the U.S. Civil War and was the first president of the Red Cross Association, now the American Red Cross.	
3	In 1836, Pastor Theodor Fliedner established the first school of nursing in Kaiserworth, Germany. Many women, including Florence Nightingale, were educated at this school.	
4	Florence Nightingale attended the Kaiserworth School in Germany in 1851.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice| Nursing Roles	

	3.	ANS:	3
Objective: 3. Summarize the development of modern nursing.
Describe the history of nursing, both at the LPN/LVN level and at the RN level.
Page: 2-4 
Heading: History of Nursing—A Look at Where We Have Been
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Regulations
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses, which later became the National League for Nursing Education, was established to set standards and rules in nursing education and continues in that function today.	
2	The American Journal of Nursing was published to keep nurses aware of the newest medical information and newest information about nursing education.	
3	In 1897, in Baltimore, Maryland, the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States was formed in an effort to oversee training to protect patients from incompetent nurses.	
4	The American Journal of Nursing was published to keep nurses aware of the newest medical information and newest information about nursing education.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Regulations

	4.	ANS:	1
Objective: 4. Describe the history of nursing, both at the LPN/LVN level and at the RN level.
Page: 2-4 
Heading: History of Nursing—A Look at Where We Have Been
Integrated Processes: N/A
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses, which later became the National League for Nursing Education, was established to set standards and rules in nursing education and continues in that function today.	
2	The American Journal of Nursing was published to keep nurses aware of the newest medical information and newest information about nursing education.	
3	In 1897, in Baltimore, Maryland, the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States was formed in an effort to oversee training to protect patients from incompetent nurses.	
4	The American Journal of Nursing was published to keep nurses aware of the newest medical information and newest information about nursing education.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice

	5.	ANS:	4
Objective: 4. Describe the history of nursing, both at the LPN/LVN level and at the RN level.
Page: 2-4 
Heading: History of Nursing—A Look at Where We Have Been
Integrated Processes: N/A
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Regulations
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	It was not until 1955 that all states required practical nurses to be licensed.	
2	It was not until 1955 that all states required practical nurses to be licensed.	
3	It was not until 1955 that all states required practical nurses to be licensed.	
4	It was not until 1955 that all states required practical nurses to be licensed.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Regulations

	6.	ANS:	1
Objective: 1. Define various terms associated with nursing practice. 3. Summarize the development of modern nursing.
Page: 2-4 
Heading: History of Nursing—A Look at Where We Have Been
Integrated Processes: N/A
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Regulations
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	LPN is used in all states except California and Texas. Those states use the title licensed vocational nurse (LVN).
	
2	LPN is used in all states except California and Texas. Those states use the title licensed vocational nurse (LVN).
	
3	LPN is used in all states except California and Texas. Those states use the title licensed vocational nurse (LVN).
	
4	LPN is used in all states except California and Texas. Those states use the title licensed vocational nurse (LVN).

PTS:	1	CON:	Regulations

	7.	ANS:	1
Objective: 1. Define various terms associated with nursing practice.
5. Differentiate four pathways for entering nursing education.
Page: 4
Heading: Options for Entering Nursing > Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse
Integrated Processes: N/A
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Regulations
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	When students finish their educational program, they will take the NCLEX-PN test to become licensed as a nurse.	
2	When students finish their educational program, they will take the NCLEX-PN test to become licensed as a nurse.	
3	The NCLEX-PN examination is standardized in all 50 states.	
4	When students finish their educational program, they will take the NCLEX-PN test to become licensed as a nurse.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Regulations

	8.	ANS:	4
Objective: 1. Define various terms associated with nursing practice. 5. Differentiate four pathways for entering nursing education.
Page: 4
Heading: Options for Entering Nursing > Baccalaureate Degree Nurse
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Evidence-based Practice
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	Diploma program nurses are educated in hospital-based nursing education programs, of which few remain.
	
2	The ADN is an entry educational level for registered nurses.
	
3	The LPN/LVN is the most basic of all of the entry-level options for nurses.
	
4	The focus of the nursing education of a BSN puts more emphasis on management and leadership than do the ADN and diploma programs.

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Evidence-based Practice	

	9.	ANS:	2
Objective: 1. Define various terms associated with nursing practice.
Page: 5
Heading: Advancing Your Career > Specialization in Nursing
Integrated Processes: N/A
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Regulations: Legal
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	Every state has a Nurse Practice Act to govern nurses’ actions. This law is written to specifically address each level of nursing. In every state, licensed practical/vocational nurses are required by law to practice under the supervision of a registered nurse or physician, and registered nurses are required to practice under the supervision of a physician.
	
2	Every state has a Nurse Practice Act to govern nurses’ actions.	
3	The Board of Nursing in each state determines and enforces the contents of the Nurse Practice Act.
	
4	Every state has a Nurse Practice Act to govern nurses’ actions, not the actions of unlicensed assistive personnel.

PTS:	1	CON:	Regulations| Legal	

	10.	ANS:	4
Objective: 1. Define various terms associated with nursing practice. 7. Identify commonalities of Nurse Practice Acts in all states.
Page: 5
Heading: Advancing Your Career > Specialization in Nursing
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Regulations: Legal
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	Every state has a Nurse Practice Act to govern nurses’ actions, but these are not the same in every state.	
2	In every state, licensed practical/vocational nurses are required by law to practice under the supervision of a registered nurse or physician, and registered nurses are required to practice under the supervision of a physician.	
3	The Board of Nursing in each state determines and enforces the contents of the Nurse Practice Act.	
4	The Nurse Practice Act in each state establishes the scope of practice for each level of nurse based on educational preparation.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Regulations| Legal

	11.	ANS:	2
Objective: 1. Define various terms associated with nursing practice.
8. Define scope of practice.
Page: 5
Heading: Advancing Your Career > Specialization in Nursing
Integrated Processes: Clinical Problem-Solving Process (Nursing Process)
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Regulations: Legal
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	All nurses are responsible for knowing their own scope of practice, or the limitations and allowances of what they can do as nurses. Every state has a Nurse Practice Act to govern nurses’ actions. To perform an action outside of one’s scope of practice would be a violation of this act, not of an Ethics Committee.	
2	All nurses are responsible for knowing their own scope of practice, or the limitations and allowances of what they can do as nurses. Every state has a Nurse Practice Act to govern nurses’ actions. To perform an action outside of one’s scope of practice would be a violation of this act.	
3	All nurses are responsible for knowing their own scope of practice, or the limitations and allowances of what they can do as nurses. Every state has a Nurse Practice Act to govern nurses’ actions. To perform an action outside of one’s scope of practice would be a violation of this act, not of the State Department of Health.	
4	The National League for Nursing Education was established to set standards and rules in nursing education, and it continues in that function today. It does not, however, govern nurses’ actions as does the Nurse Practice Act.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Regulations| Legal	

	12.	ANS:	1
Objective:1. Define various terms associated with nursing practice.
Page: 5
Heading: Advancing Your Career > Specialization in Nursing
Integrated Processes: N/A
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Regulations: Legal
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	The Board of Nursing in each state determines and enforces the contents of the Nurse Practice Act.
	
2	The Board of Nursing in each state determines and enforces the contents of the Nurse Practice Act.
	
3	The Board of Nursing in each state determines and enforces the contents of the Nurse Practice Act.
	
4	The Board of Nursing in each state determines and enforces the contents of the Nurse Practice Act.

PTS:	1	CON:	Regulations| Legal	

	13.	ANS:	2
Objective: 5. Differentiate four pathways for entering nursing education.
Page: 5-6
Heading: Advancing Your Career > Being a Lifelong Learner
Integrated Processes: Clinical Problem-Solving Process (Nursing Process)
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Health Care System
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	When working in a long-term setting, the nurse should encourage residents to participate in their care.	
2	In a long-term setting, care is delivered in a more homelike environment that is less institutional than a hospital. Residents are surrounded by familiar items from home (such as family pictures).	
3	Because confusion and agitation can be a problem for some residents, it is essential to use an easy, calming approach when providing care.	
4	When working in a long-term setting, the nurse should encourage residents to participate in decision making when possible.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Health Care System		

	14.	ANS:	2
Objective: 9. Describe four characteristics of nurses.
Page: 6
Heading: Characteristics of Nurses > Being Caring
Integrated Processes: Caring
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	A caring nurse does not treat patients in a one-approach-fits-all manner, but individualizes care for each patient.
	
2	A caring nurse does not treat patients in a one-approach-fits-all manner, but individualizes care for each patient.
	
3	A caring nurse does not see a patient in terms of a cellular disorder.	
4	A caring nurse does not see a patient in terms of an illness to be cured. Instead, a caring nurse sees patients as people who have needs for touch and understanding as much as they have needs for intravenous (IV) fluids and antibiotics.

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles		

	15.	ANS:	4
Objective: 15. Discuss information found in the Connection features in this chapter.
Page: 7
Heading: Characteristics of Nurses > Being Organized
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Assessment: Nursing Roles: Regulations
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	It is the responsibility of the student nurse to check laboratory and diagnostic tests often, to note any abnormal findings, and to notify the appropriate health-care professionals of significant abnormal findings.
	
2	It is the responsibility of the student nurse to check laboratory and diagnostic tests often, to note any abnormal findings, and to notify the appropriate health-care professionals of significant abnormal findings.
	
3	It is the responsibility of the student nurse to check laboratory and diagnostic tests often, to note any abnormal findings, and to notify the appropriate health-care professionals of significant abnormal findings.
	
4	It is the responsibility of the student nurse to check laboratory and diagnostic tests often, to note any abnormal findings, and to notify the appropriate health-care professionals of significant abnormal findings.

PTS:	1	CON:	Assessment| Nursing Roles| Regulations	

	16.	ANS:	2
Objective: 11. Discuss the purposes of professional organizations you can join as a nursing student.
Page: 8-9
Heading: Professionalism in Nursing > Professional Organizations
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Promoting Health: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing: Legal
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	Professional organizations give nurses and student nurses a collective voice that will be heard by those who enact laws and establish policy for health care.	
2	Professional organizations give nurses and student nurses a collective voice that will be heard by those who enact laws and establish policy for health care.	
3	An aspect of professional behavior is participation in professional organizations, both as a student and as a nurse.	
4	Professional organizations provide opportunities for leadership in nursing.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Promoting Health| Evidence-based Practice| Nursing| Legal

	17.	ANS:	2
Objective: 2. Trace the providers of nursing care from ancient history until the mid-1800s.
Page: 2-4
Heading: History of Nursing—A Look at Where We Have Been
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	Linda Richards’s system of noting information about her patients at Bellevue Hospital in New York became the foundation for modern nurses’ notes.
	
2	Florence Nightingale is famous for her nursing care during the Crimean War.
	
3	Clara Barton was the first president of the Red Cross Association, now the American Red Cross.
	
4	Clara Barton was known as the “Angel of the Battlefield” during the U.S. Civil War; she cared for soldiers both from the North and the South.

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles		

	18.	ANS:	2
Objective: 3. Summarize the development of modern nursing.
Page: 2-4
Heading: History of Nursing—A Look at Where We Have Been
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	Florence Nightingale is famous for her nursing care during the Crimean War.	
2	Lillian Wald is known as the first visiting nurse. She opened the Henry Street Settlement to provide health care to the poor.	
3	Isabel Hampton Robb was an activist for nursing labor reform in the late 1800s. She helped usher in 12-hour shifts with meal breaks when 24 hours had been standard. She also was instrumental in establishing a 3-year training program for nurses and worked for licensure examinations and nursing registration.	
4	Clara Barton was the first president of the Red Cross Association, now the American Red Cross.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles		

	19.	ANS:	2
Objective: 3. Summarize the development of modern nursing.
Page: 2-4
Heading: History of Nursing—A Look at Where We Have Been
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	Lillian Wald is known as the first visiting nurse. She opened the Henry Street Settlement to provide health care to the poor.
	
2	Mary Mahoney was the first African American nurse in the United States. She worked tirelessly to improve acceptance for African Americans in nursing. She established an association for this purpose, the National Association for Colored Graduate Nurses, and served as its first president.
	
3	Isabel Hampton Robb was an activist for nursing labor reform in the late 1800s. She helped usher in 12-hour shifts with meal breaks when 24 hours had been standard. She also was instrumental in establishing a 3-year training program for nurses and worked for licensure exams and nursing registration.
	
4	Dorothea Dix was an activist for better mental health care and the establishment of psychiatric hospitals.

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles		

	20.	ANS:	3
Objective: 13. Discuss selected nursing theories and theorists.
Page: 9
Heading: Nursing Theories and Theorists
Integrated Processes: Caring
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory explains what nursing care is required when people are not able to care for themselves. The goal is to help the client attain total self-care.
	
2	Madeleine M. Leininger’s nursing theory focuses on cultural care diversity and universality theory.
	
3	Martha Rogers’s nursing theory focuses on maintaining an environment free of negative energy.
	
4	Margaret Newman’s nursing theory of health as expanding consciousness describes nursing intervention as nonintervention, where the nurse’s presence helps patients recognize their own pattern of interacting with the environment.

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice| Nursing Roles	

	21.	ANS:	4
Objective: 13. Discuss selected nursing theories and theorists.
Page: 9
Heading: Nursing Theories and Theorists
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory explains what nursing care is required when people are not able to care for themselves. The goal is to help the client attain total self-care.	
2	Madeleine M. Leininger’s nursing theory focuses on cultural care diversity and universality theory.	
3	Martha Rogers’s nursing theory focuses on maintaining an environment free of negative energy.	
4	Margaret Newman’s nursing theory of health as expanding consciousness describes nursing intervention as nonintervention, where the nurse’s presence helps patients recognize their own pattern of interacting with the environment.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice| Nursing Roles	

	22.	ANS:	2
Objective: 13. Discuss selected nursing theories and theorists.
Page: 9
Heading: Nursing Theories and Theorists
Integrated Processes: Caring
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory explains what nursing care is required when people are not able to care for themselves. The goal is to help the client attain total self-care.	
2	Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory explains what nursing care is required when people are not able to care for themselves. The goal is to help the client attain total self-care.	
3	Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory explains what nursing care is required when people are not able to care for themselves. The goal is to help the client attain total self-care.	
4	Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory explains what nursing care is required when people are not able to care for themselves. The goal is to help the client attain total self-care.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice| Nursing Roles	

	23.	ANS:	3
Objective: 13. Discuss selected nursing theories and theorists.
Page: 9
Heading: Nursing Theories and Theorists
Integrated Processes: Caring
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	The first of Imogene King’s two theories was the interacting systems framework, designed to explain the organized wholes within which nurses are expected to function: society, groups, and individuals. This first theory led to the theory of goal attainment, which focuses on mutual goal setting between a nurse and patient, and the process for meeting the goals.
	
2	Betty Neuman’s systems model is based on general systems theory (a non-nursing theory) and reflects the nature of living organisms as open systems.
	
3	Martha Rogers’s nursing theory focuses on maintaining an environment free of negative energy.
	
4	Sister Callista Roy’s adaptation model was inspired by the strength and resiliency of children. The model relates to the choices people make as they adapt to illness and wellness.

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice| Nursing Roles	

	24.	ANS:	4
Objective: 13. Discuss selected nursing theories and theorists.
Page: 9
Heading: Nursing Theories and Theorists
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Diversity: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	Myra Levine’s conservation model was published in 197C. It was designed to promote the adaptation of the person while also maintaining wholeness, or health.
	
2	Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory explains what nursing care is required when people are not able to care for themselves. The goal is to help the client attain total self-care.
	
3	Sister Callista Roy’s adaptation model was inspired by the strength and resiliency of children. The model relates to the choices people make as they adapt to illness and wellness.
	
4	Madeleine M. Leininger’s nursing theory focuses on cultural care diversity and universality theory.

PTS:	1	CON:	Diversity| Evidence-based Practice| Nursing Roles

	25.	ANS:	3
Objective:6. Discuss career ladders and specialization in nursing.
Page: 5
Heading: Advancing Your Career
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	A DNP degree requires 2 or more years in a doctoral program at a university. Graduates may serve as a Dean of Nursing in university programs or a Director of Nursing in large hospitals and may teach in MSN and DNP programs. They may also direct and design formal research programs.
	
2	PN to ADN programs are offered at community and state colleges. Students are given credit for licensed practical nursing/licensed vocational nursing (LPN/LVN) education that counts toward requirements for RN education, making the time spent in school to become an RN shorter. This student is already an RN.
	
3	MSN degrees require 2 or more years in graduate school. Graduates may teach in BSN, ADN, and licensed practical nursing/licensed vocational nursing (LPN/LVN) programs and may also choose to specialize further as either a CNS, NP, CRNA, or CNM.
	
4	An RN will already have a BSN, which requires 4 years at a college or university.

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice| Nursing Roles	

	26.	ANS:	4
Objective: 6. Discuss career ladders and specialization in nursing.
Page: 5
Heading: Advancing Your Career
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	All previous entry-level nursing education programs are credited toward the course requirements for a baccalaureate degree in nursing, making the time in school shorter.	
2	All previous entry-level nursing education programs are credited toward the course requirements for a baccalaureate degree in nursing, making the time in school shorter.	
3	All previous entry-level nursing education programs are credited toward the course requirements for a baccalaureate degree in nursing, making the time in school shorter.	
4	All previous entry-level nursing education programs are credited toward the course requirements for a baccalaureate degree in nursing, making the time in school shorter.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice| Nursing Roles	

	27.	ANS:	2
Objective: 9. Describe four characteristics of nurses.
Page: 6
Heading: Characteristics of Nurses > Being Responsible
Integrated Processes: Clinical Problem-Solving Process (Nursing Process)
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Communication
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
1	If you asked people on the street to choose one word to describe nurses, chances are great that the word you would hear most often is “caring.” Other descriptions might include “compassionate,” “comforting,” and “helpful.” The actions described in this question, however, refer to a nurse’s ability to be responsible.	
2	Nursing is a unique field in which to work due to the amount of responsibility involved. A nurse is responsible for caring for several patients, tending to their medications and comfort, and seeing that their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs are met; helping families understand what is happening to a patient and preparing them for his or her care after discharge; and noticing changes in a patient’s condition and notifying the appropriate health-care professional if negative changes occur.	
3	It is extremely important that a nurse is able to keep track of all of the information about his or her patients. A nurse also must deal with changing orders from the physician and meeting the changing needs of his or her patients. The only way to accomplish all of this for several patients during one shift is to be very organized. The actions described in this question, however, refer to a nurse’s ability to be responsible.	
4	If you asked people on the street to choose one word to describe nurses, chances are great that the word you would hear most often is “caring.” Other descriptions might include “compassionate,” “comforting,” and “helpful.” The actions described in this question, however, refer to a nurse’s ability to be responsible.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Communication

	28.	ANS:	2
Objective: 11. Discuss the purposes of professional organizations you can join as a nursing student.
Page: 8-9
Heading: Professionalism in Nursing > Professional Organizations
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	While in nursing school, students can belong to HOSA and NFLPN as student affiliates.
	
2	Upon graduation, registered nurses (RNs) can join their professional organization, the ANA.
	
3	NSNA is an organization that registered nurse (RN) students can join while they are in nursing school.
	
4	While in nursing school, students can belong to HOSA and NFLPN as student affiliates.

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice| Nursing| Nursing Roles

	29.	ANS:	1
Objective: 17. Describe trends in nursing practice, including evidence-based practice and QSEN.
Page: 10
Heading: Trends in Nursing Practice > Evidence-Based Practice
Integrated Processes: Clinical Problem-Solving Process (Nursing Process)
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1	Now nurses use EBP as a problem-solving approach to delivering health care. This approach uses the best evidence from nursing research studies and patient care data, and considers the patient’s preferences and values. In other words, research is very important to determine what care is appropriate for certain situations, but making the care fit the patient’s preferences and values is just as important.
	
2	The interacting systems framework is designed to explain the organized wholes within which nurses are expected to function: society, groups, and individuals.
	
3	The QSEN project focuses on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) needed by nurses to continually improve the quality and safety of patient care.
	
4	The adaptation model was inspired by the strength and resiliency of children. The model relates to the choices people make as they adapt to illness and wellness.

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

	30.	ANS:	2, 4, 5
Objective: 12. Discuss unprofessional conduct and its consequences.
Page: 7-8
Heading: Professionalism in Nursing > Professional Appearance and Behavior
Integrated Processes: Clinical Problem-Solving Process (Nursing Process)
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Addiction: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing: Regulations: Ethics
Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback	
		
1.	This is incorrect. Some examples of unprofessional conduct that could result in the loss of one’s nursing license include use of drugs or alcohol in a way that could endanger patients, diversion of drugs from prescribed patient to personal use, failure to supervise nursing assistants and unlicensed assistive personnel adequately, and failure to adequately care for patients or conform to minimum standards of nursing practice.	
2.	This is correct. Some examples of unprofessional conduct that could result in the loss of one’s nursing license include use of drugs or alcohol in a way that could endanger patients, diversion of drugs from prescribed patient to personal use, failure to supervise nursing assistants and unlicensed assistive personnel adequately, and failure to adequately care for patients or conform to minimum standards of nursing practice.	
3.	This is incorrect. Some examples of unprofessional conduct that could result in the loss of one’s nursing license include use of drugs or alcohol in a way that could endanger patients, diversion of drugs from prescribed patient to personal use, failure to supervise nursing assistants and unlicensed assistive personnel adequately, and failure to adequately care for patients or conform to minimum standards of nursing practice.	
4.	This is correct. Some examples of unprofessional conduct that could result in the loss of one’s nursing license include use of drugs or alcohol in a way that could endanger patients, diversion of drugs from prescribed patient to personal use, failure to supervise nursing assistants and unlicensed assistive personnel adequately, and failure to adequately care for patients or conform to minimum standards of nursing practice.	
5.	This is correct. Some examples of unprofessional conduct that could result in the loss of one’s nursing license include use of drugs or alcohol in a way that could endanger patients, diversion of drugs from prescribed patient to personal use, failure to supervise nursing assistants and unlicensed assistive personnel adequately, and failure to adequately care for patients or conform to minimum standards of nursing practice.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Addiction| Evidence-based Practice| Nursing| Regulations| Ethics

	31.	ANS:	1, 4, 5
Objective: 17. Describe trends in nursing practice, including evidence-based practice and QSEN.
Page: 10-11
Heading: Trends in Nursing Practice > Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Evidence-based Practice: Nursing Roles: Regulations: Collaboration: Quality Improvement: Informatics: Safety
Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback	
1.	This is correct. QSEN focuses on these six prelicensure KSAs: patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.	
2.	This is incorrect. QSEN focuses on these six prelicensure KSAs: patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.	
3.	This is incorrect. QSEN focuses on these six prelicensure KSAs: patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.	
4.	This is correct. QSEN focuses on these six prelicensure KSAs: patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.	
5.	This is correct. QSEN focuses on these six prelicensure KSAs: patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.	

PTS:	1	CON:	Evidence-based Practice| Nursing Roles| Regulations| Collaboration| Quality

COMPLETION

	32.	ANS:	
One Plus One
One Plus One Programs are offered at community and state colleges. In the first year, the curriculum prepares the student to take the NCLEX-PN. After passing the examination, the student can work as an LPN/LVN while completing the second-year curriculum. The student then takes the NCLEX-RN to be licensed as an RN.

Objective: 6. Discuss career ladders and specialization in nursing.
Page: 5
Heading: Advancing Your Career
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Regulations
Difficulty: Moderate

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Regulations

	33.	ANS:	
honest
Nurses have to be honest—far more honest than the average person. A nurse can put patients at risk for development of infection, illness, or complications when he or she makes an error in medication dosage, sterile technique, or assessment.

Objective: 9. Describe four characteristics of nurses.
Page: 6
Heading: Characteristics of Nurses > Being Honest
Integrated Processes: Caring
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Communication
Difficulty: Easy

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Communication

	34.	ANS:	
organized
It is extremely important that a nurse is able to keep track of all of the information about his or her patients. They also must deal with changing orders from the physician and meeting the changing needs of their patients. The only way to accomplish all of this for several patients during one shift is to be very organized.

Objective:9. Describe four characteristics of nurses.
Page: 7
Heading: Characteristics of Nurses > Being Organized
Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Communication
Difficulty: Easy

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Communication

	35.	ANS:	
scope
All nurses are responsible for knowing their own scope of practice, that is, the limitations and allowances of what they can do as a nurse. Every state has a Nurse Practice Act to govern nurses’ actions. This law is written to specifically address each level of nursing.

Objective: 1. Define various terms associated with nursing practice.
8. Define scope of practice.
Page: 5
Heading: Advancing Your Career > Specialization in Nursing
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles: Regulations
Difficulty: Easy

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles| Regulations

	36.	ANS:	
behavior
Good nurses communicate well. They tell patients what will happen and why before they begin a procedure. Good nurses take responsibility for their own behavior, including mistakes they may have made. Good nurses also see themselves as professionals and act in a corresponding manner.

Objective: 10. Evaluate professional appearance and behavior.
Page: 7-8 
Heading: Professionalism in Nursing > Professional Appearance and Behavior
Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Communication
Difficulty: Easy

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing| Nursing Roles| Communication	

	37.	ANS:	
impact
Nurses have an amazing opportunity to impact patients’ lives every day. People who are ill or recovering from illness or surgery have many needs. They are often unable to perform normal activities and rely on the nursing staff for help.

Objective: 14. Explain the impact of nurses on patients’ lives.
Page: 11
Heading: The Impact of Nursing
Integrated Processes: Caring
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Easy

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing Roles		

	38.	ANS:	
unprofessional
Professional behavior is so important that the Nurse Practice Acts in many states define unprofessional conduct as a reason to revoke or suspend a nurse’s license. Unprofessional conduct that could result in the loss of one’s nursing license includes failure to adequately care for patients or conform to minimum standards of nursing practice.

Objective: 12. Discuss unprofessional conduct and its consequences.
Page: 7-8 
Heading: Professionalism in Nursing > Professional Appearance and Behavior
Integrated Processes: Clinical Problem-Solving Process (Nursing Process)
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Nursing: Regulations
Difficulty: Easy

PTS:	1	CON:	Nursing| Regulations