Chapter 1. Healthy Lifestyles

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	In early civilization, the cause of illness was attributed to:
a.	Infectious disease	
b.	Microorganisms	
c.	Contaminated food and water	
d.	Natural and supernatural forces	

____	2.	The first understanding of disease processes occurred in (the):
a.	Early civilization	
b.	21st century	
c.	19th century	
d.	Middle ages	

____	3.	Despite all of the improvements and advancements in health care, several infectious diseases have recently resurfaced, including:
a.	Strep throat	
b.	Tuberculosis	
c.	Polio	
d.	Mononucleosis	

____	4.	Healthy People 2020 identifies two major goals, including eliminating health disparities and:
a.	Peace and prosperity	
b.	Eliminating all diseases	
c.	Increasing the quality and years of healthy living	
d.	Limiting population growth	

____	5.	An external force that can affect one’s health is (the):
a.	Mind	
b.	Culture	
c.	Heredity	
d.	Hormones	

____	6.	Health promotion is:
a.	Goal oriented	
b.	Natural	
c.	Unplanned	
d.	Special	

____	7.	Mrs. Jackson brings her 6-month-old infant to the clinic for immunization. This action demonstrates which of the following levels of disease prevention?
a.	Primary	
b.	Secondary	
c.	Tertiary	
d.	Rehabilitative	

____	8.	A future national goal for health care is the:
a.	Reduction of services	
b.	Decrease in managed care	
c.	Increase in Medicaid contribution	
d.	Elimination of disparities in health care	

____	9.	Inadequate nutrition contributes to diseases such as:
a.	Arthritis	
b.	Lupus	
c.	Cancer	
d.	Hearing loss	

____	10.	In health promotion, the most important nursing role is:
a.	Teaching safe health practices	
b.	Assessing the individual’s health needs	
c.	Reducing potential health risk factors	
d.	Changing established lifestyle	

____	11.	A healthy person generally:
a.	Lacks stability	
b.	Lacks energy	
c.	Is in denial	
d.	Is in harmony	

____	12.	In a health model, the nurse, as a collaborator, is responsible for:
a.	Teaching the patients about their disease process	
b.	Sharing and exchanging information with other health professionals	
c.	Demonstrating desired health behavior	
d.	Performing daily care needs	

____	13.	Jennifer Joseph, a 60-year-old client, has been instructed to begin a program of exercise by the public health nurse. You can further explain to Mrs. Joseph that the benefits of exercise are:
a.	An increase in blood supply to muscles and nerves	
b.	An increase in heart rate and rhythm	
c.	A decrease in the size of the heart muscle	
d.	A decrease in blood volume and oxygen demands	

____	14.	Holistic health:
a.	Excludes one’s physical well-being	
b.	Limits consideration of one’s social standing	
c.	Excludes environmental impact	
d.	Considers one’s mental well-being	

____	15.	Which of the following is an example of health restoration?
a.	Rehabilitation after surgery to replace the knee joint	
b.	Immunization against the hepatitis B virus	
c.	Surgical excision of a breast cyst	
d.	Closure of an abdominal stoma	

____	16.	A major objective of health promotion is to:
a.	Decrease one’s stress level	
b.	Challenge health practices	
c.	Attain one’s level of optimal health	
d.	Provide self-actualization	

____	17.	The most important goal in health restoration is to:
a.	Regain losses	
b.	Compensate for losses	
c.	Attain acceptance	
d.	Provide sympathy	

____	18.	Which of the following forces has no impact on changing one’s health behavior?
a.	Family	
b.	Social pressures	
c.	Role models	
d.	Inherited traits	

____	19.	The stressor most commonly associated with adolescence is:
a.	A search for self-worth	
b.	A search for identity	
c.	Separation anxiety	
d.	Birth of a new sibling	

____	20.	Based on the social readjustment rating scale, the most stressful event for an adult is:
a.	Changing careers	
b.	Changing residence	
c.	Divorce	
d.	Childbirth	

____	21.	Virgil Grant, a patient recently diagnosed with AIDS, is having a healthy response to the stress in his life if he demonstrates which of the following behaviors?
a.	Denial	
b.	Withdrawal	
c.	Acceptance	
d.	Aggression	

____	22.	Gary Byrd, a 24-year-old college student, tells the nurse that he sometimes uses various illegal drugs. The nurse can characterize Gary as a substance abuser if he:
a.	Continues to be active in college affairs	
b.	Maintains his self-esteem	
c.	Begins to lose interest in his relationships	
d.	Has heightened interest in the opposite sex	

____	23.	The highest percentage of accidents resulting from alcohol use involve:
a.	Homicides	
b.	Drowning	
c.	Fires	
d.	Motor vehicles	

____	24.	Sandra Gooden has just been told by the doctor that she is pregnant with her first baby. Which of the following factors will have a negative impact on Sandra’s ability to maintain good health during her pregnancy?
a.	Poor relationship with her in-laws	
b.	Community recognition	
c.	Effective stress management	
d.	Economic well-being	

____	25.	The level of health prevention that concentrates on retraining and educating to maximize the use of remaining capacities is:
a.	Primary prevention	
b.	Secondary prevention	
c.	Tertiary prevention	
d.	Disability prevention	

____	26.	Preventative care, including immunizations and yearly physical examinations, are classified as what type of health-care services?
a.	Primary	
b.	Secondary	
c.	Tertiary	
d.	Collaborative	

____	27.	National health insurance for persons 65 years and older is known as:
a.	Medicaid	
b.	Medicare	
c.	Socialized medicine	
d.	Palliative care	

____	28.	The nurse recognizes that the physiological responses to emotional stress are the result of:
a.	Mental illness	
b.	Autonomic nervous stimulation	
c.	Powerlessness	
d.	Shame	

____	29.	The nurse is teaching a community group about disease prevention. She is giving instructions regarding secondary prevention and correctly includes:
a.	Risk factors for heart disease	
b.	Limiting disability after injury	
c.	The importance of colorectal screening	
d.	The use of vitamins and a balanced diet	

____	30.	One of the goals of the Affordable Care Act is to:
a.	Place an emphasis on illness	
b.	Improve the quality of care	
c.	Focus on curing rare diseases	
d.	Hold the client responsible for tending his or her own health-care needs	

____	31.	The organization that coordinates global health care issues, such as outbreaks of infection, is:
a.	Healthy people 2020	
b.	Center for Disease Control	
c.	World Health Organization	
d.	AARP	

____	32.	The most important goal that the nurse must meet today in the delivery of health care is to:
a.	Foster her clients’ recovery from illness	
b.	Provide rehabilitation from illness for the individual	
c.	Promote self-care	
d.	Assist the individual in attaining the highest level of health	

____	33.	The student nurse is providing follow-up teaching to a group of clients on how to maintain a healthy diet. The student nurse must first understand that which of the following factors can affect the selection of a healthy diet? (Select all that apply.)
a.	Cultural preferences	
b.	Client’s knowledge level	
c.	Economic status	
d.	Access to foods	

____	34.	The plan of care states that an increase in food is needed to rebuild and repair cells. The nurse would increase the client’s intake of:
a.	Fish	
b.	Fruits	
c.	Cereals	
d.	Olive oil	

____	35.	The My Plate guidelines help the individual:
a.	Understand that food intake must match energy output	
b.	Focus on the value of certain foods	
c.	Use his or her weight to determine food intake	
d.	Focus on a child’s nutritional needs	

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____	1.	Stress can be defined as anything psychological or physiological that upsets our equilibrium.

____	2.	The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

____	3.	Emotional maturity exists when a person is free of negative emotions.

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

____	1.	Which of the following is an example of a determinant behavior? (Select all that apply.)
a.	Poor diet	
b.	Unsafe sex	
c.	Smoking and drugs	

Chapter 1. Healthy Lifestyles
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	ANS:	D
In early civilization, illness was attributed to natural and supernatural forces.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Client Needs: Physiological Integrity | Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment

	2.	ANS:	C
In the 19th century, the development of bacteriology helped in the understanding of disease processes.

PTS:	1	KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment

	3.	ANS:	B
Tuberculosis is one of several diseases that has recently resurfaced.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	4.	ANS:	C
Increasing the quality and years of healthy living is one major goal set in Healthy People 2010.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	5.	ANS:	B
Culture is an external force that can have many influences on an individual, including effects on health.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	6.	ANS:	A
Promoting health is an important goal leading toward optimal wellness.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	7.	ANS:	A
Primary prevention is aimed at disease prevention.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Implementation | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

	8.	ANS:	D
The national goal for the next decade is health care for all.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	9.	ANS:	C
Cancer has been linked to poor nutritional practices.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	10.	ANS:	A
An important goal for health promotion is helping individuals learn to make safe health choices.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Implementation | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

	11.	ANS:	D
Harmony, or homeostasis, means that the body can balance healthy and unhealthy forces.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	12.	ANS:	B
The nurse acts as a collaborator with other health professionals to promote positive patient outcomes.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Implementation | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

	13.	ANS:	A
Exercise helps stimulate increased blood supply, which nourishes muscle cells.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Implementation | Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

	14.	ANS:	D
Holistic practices consider the whole person’s well-being.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	15.	ANS:	A
Health restoration implies rehabilitation to one’s optimal functioning.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	16.	ANS:	C
The focus of health promotion is individualized to bring the person to his or her best potential.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	17.	ANS:	B
Health restoration assists the person in learning to cope with losses.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	18.	ANS:	D
Inherited traits are those transmitted by genes and are out of a person’s control.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Client Needs: Physiological Integrity | Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment

	19.	ANS:	B
Adolescents struggle to find out who they are.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	20.	ANS:	C
Divorce has been identified as one of life’s major stressors in that it breaks up the family unit.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	21.	ANS:	C
The stage known as acceptance indicates that the individual has progressed to the final stage of the grieving process.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	22.	ANS:	C
Substance abuse is characterized by a history of personal problems.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	23.	ANS:	D
Statistics show that alcohol use is a major cause of motor vehicle accidents.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	24.	ANS:	A
The nuclear family and extended family play an important role in the well-being of the pregnant woman.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	25.	ANS:	C
Tertiary prevention minimizes the effects of long-term disease or disability. With rehabilitation, clients can reach their highest level of functioning.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Implementation | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

	26.	ANS:	A
Primary health-care services are aimed at disease prevention.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Implementation | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

	27.	ANS:	B
Medicare offers health insurance coverage to seniors aged 65 years and older.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

	28.	ANS:	B
The brain and autonomic nervous system have a role in the physical changes during an emotional reaction.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

	29.	ANS:	C
Secondary prevention includes screening for diseases.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Implementation | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

	30.	ANS:	B
The Affordable Care Act focuses on improving the quality of health care and making it available to all Americans.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Client Needs: Health Promotion | Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning

	31.	ANS:	C
The World Health Organization is concerned about health issues that occur throughout the world as well as any emerging and reemerging infections that are a threat to people worldwide.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Client Needs: Health Promotion | Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning

	32.	ANS:	D
The nurse has many goals to attain in the delivery of care, but the most important is allowing the individual to achieve his or her highest level of health.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Client Needs: Health Promotion | Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning

	33.	ANS:	A
B, C, D
Many factors affect a client’s ability to maintain a healthy diet intake, including the availability of stores, the types of food available, financial ability to purchase healthy food, cultural practices, and educational level.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Client Needs: Health Promotion | Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment

	34.	ANS:	A
Foods that are the building blocks needed for cell repair and growth are proteins. Examples of proteins include fish, meats, and legumes.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Client Needs: Health Promotion | Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Implementation

	35.	ANS:	A
My Plate guidelines include portion size, food groups, and the need for exercise in controlling weight and sustaining a healthy diet.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Client Needs: Health Promotion | Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning

TRUE/FALSE

	1.	ANS:	T
Stress is anything that upsets our equilibrium.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

	2.	ANS:	T
WHO defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Health Promotion

	3.	ANS:	F
Emotional maturity exists when an individual is able to control and express his or her emotional responses in socially appropriate ways.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

	1.	ANS:	A, B, C
There are a number of behaviors that are determinants to health, including lack of exercise, smoking, drug use, poor nutrition, and unsafe sexual practices.

PTS:	1	
KEY:	Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychological Integrity