Guyton & Hall: Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 1: Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the "Internal Environment" Cells as the Living Units of the Body

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	A large volume of blood is transfused to a person whose baroreceptor–blood pressure control system is not functioning, and arterial blood pressure rises from the normal level of 100 to 160 mm Hg. If at another time the same volume of blood is infused into the same person when the baroreceptor system is functioning and the arterial pressure increases from the normal level from 100 mm Hg to 120 mm Hg, calculate the gain of the baroreceptor system in this person.
a.	-3	
b.	-2	
c.	-1	
d.	0	
e.	+1	
f.	+2	
g.	+3	

ANS:	B

	2.	The most abundant type of cell in the human body is which of the following?
a.	Neuron	
b.	Epithelial cell	
c.	Red blood cell	
d.	White blood cell	
e.	Vascular smooth muscle cell	
f. 	Skeletal muscle cell	

ANS:	C

	3.	The most abundant substance in the human body and the approximate percentage of that substance in the body is which of the following?
a.	Protein, 30%	
b.	Protein, 60%	
c.	Water, 30%	
d.	Water, 60%	
e.	Carbohydrate, 30%	
f. 	Carbohydrate, 60%	

ANS:	D

	4.	Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid concentration ratio for most mammalian cells?
a.	Sodium ions	
b.	Potassium ions	
c.	Carbon dioxide	
d.	Glucose	
e.	Protein	

ANS:	A

	5.	Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs mainly in which of the following?
a.	Arteries	
b.	Arterioles	
c.	Capillaries	
d.	Venules	
e.	Veins	

ANS:	C

	6.	Which of the following is the approximate distance from the capillaries to most cells of the body?
a.	Less than 50 angstroms	
b.	Less than 50 microns	
c.	Less than 50 millimeters	
d.	Less than 100 angstroms	
e.	Less than 100 microns	
f.	Less than 100 millimeters	

ANS:	A

	7.	When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation to traverse the entire circulatory circuit?
a.	1 second	
b.	1 minute	
c.	3 minutes	
d.	4 minutes	
e.	5 minutes	

ANS:	B

	8.	______ feedback is often referred to as a vicious cycle because it leads to _______ instability and sometimes death.
a.	Positive, progressive	
b.	Positive, diminished	
c.	Negative, progressive	
d.	Negative, diminished	
e.	Adaptive, progressive	

ANS:	A

	9.	Which one of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?
a.	Clotting of blood	
b.	Return of blood pressure toward normal after a hemorrhage	
c.	Increased respiration rate caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood	
d.	Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity that occurs in response to increased blood pressure	

ANS:	A