Chapter 1. The Disease Process

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Which of the following best describes an illness?
A.	It is identified by the distinguishing features.	
B.	It can be prevented by normal body structures.	
C.	It is easier to treat than disease.	
D.	It describes the condition of the person experiencing disease.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.3
MSC:	Understanding		

	2.	What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
A.	Phenotype refers to all of the genes inherited from parents, whereas genotype refers to an X-linked inherited disease.	
B.	Phenotype refers to physical appearance influenced by genetics and environment, whereas genotype refers to all of the genes inherited from parents.	
C.	Phenotype refers to a defective gene contributed by both parents, whereas genotype refers to a defective gene contributed by one parent.	
D.	Phenotype refers to the full set of inherited genes, whereas genotype refers to monogenic alterations and chromosome aberrations.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.7
MSC:	Analyzing

	3.	Gregory is 11. He has a specific genetic disorder. He is very active but must be extremely careful to avoid any injury that would cause bleeding. Which disorder does Gregory most likely have?
A.	Sickle cell anemia	
B.	Rett syndrome	
C.	Hemophilia	
D.	Trisomy 21	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.9
MSC:	Applying

	4.	The pediatrician called to say that Sheyna’s throat culture was back. The test revealed a coccus, or dot-shaped bacteria. What does Sheyna have?
A.	Strep throat	
B.	Whooping cough	
C.	Mumps	
D.	Tinea corporis	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.13
MSC:	Applying

	5.	Molly is overweight and smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. She lives with her husband and five children in a densely populated urban area. What are the factors that predispose Molly to developing a disease?
A.	The lack of an inflammatory response	
B.	Gender, environment, and lifestyle	
C.	Having a husband and five children	
D.	The lack of homeostasis	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.4
MSC:	Applying

	6.	Which of the following is a brief description of hereditary diseases?
A.	Always appear at birth	
B.	Are not influenced by environmental factors	
C.	Are caused by a person’s genetic makeup	
D.	Are the result of mutations in gene structure	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.5
MSC:	Remembering		

	7.	What is anaphylactic shock?
A.	Considered by some to be an allergic reaction	
B.	A result of autoimmunity	
C.	A chronic reaction to stimuli	
D.	The result of impaired T-cell function	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.21
MSC:	Remembering		

	8.	Malakai appears to be in good shape. During a recent physical, his BMI was measured at 15% above his ideal body weight. Should Malakai be described as obese? Why or why not?
A.	Yes, because his BMI is less than 25	
B.	No, because he has impressive muscle mass in his body	
C.	No, because he has little or no abdominal fat	
D.	Yes, because his BMI is 10% to 20% above ideal body weight	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.23
MSC:	Analyzing

	9.	The conventional method of classifying hereditary diseases is to group them into which of the following categories?
A.	Congenital, mutational, and infectious	
B.	Chromosomal, multifactorial, and monogenic	
C.	Monogenic, chromosomal, and congenital	
D.	Chromosomal, mutational, and autoimmune	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.7
MSC:	Remembering		

	10.	Alice’s annual mammogram showed three suspicious neoplasms. Needle biopsies revealed that two were benign. What is the likely disease of the third neoplasm?
A.	Cancer	
B.	Leukemia	
C.	Cysts	
D.	Inflammation	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.4
MSC:	Applying

	11.	Sheryl was prescribed sulfa drugs for a urinary infection. After a couple of days, she felt like she had the flu and she developed a rash and erythema. Which of the following likely describes her condition?
A.	Cardiac irregularities	
B.	Influenza	
C.	Allergic reaction	
D.	Phenylketonuria	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Applying

	12.	What are the symptoms of acute inflammation?
A.	Redness, heat, pain, swelling, and maybe loss of function	
B.	Heat, swelling, and loss of function	
C.	Redness, pain, swelling, and loss of function	
D.	Redness, pain, and loss of function	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.11
MSC:	Remembering		

	13.	George is in the emergency room with a penetrating chest wound from being stabbed in a street fight. He has so much blood loss that his body cannot meet its metabolic needs. What is this condition called?
A.	Syncope	
B.	Asphyxiation	
C.	Hypovolemic shock	
D.	Lack of metastasis	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.14
MSC:	Applying

	14.	Which of the following is a chromosomal disorder?
A.	Huntington disease	
B.	Diabetes mellitus	
C.	Rett syndrome	
D.	Klinefelter syndrome	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.9
MSC:	Remembering		

	15.	After performing a thorough medical examination and doing extensive blood work, the primary care provider describes Damien’s disease as idiopathic. What does that mean?
A.	It is transmitted genetically.	
B.	It has no known cause.	
C.	It is caused by medical treatment.	
D.	It is caused by trauma.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.24
MSC:	Applying

	16.	Which describes an iatrogenic disease?
A.	One that is transmitted genetically	
B.	One that has no known cause	
C.	One caused by medical treatment	
D.	One resulting from trauma	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.24
MSC:	Remembering		

	17.	What do the “rule of nines” and Lund and Browder charts assess?
A.	Hereditary diseases	
B.	Malnourishment	
C.	Burns	
D.	Infections	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.17
MSC:	Remembering		

	18.	Which of the following microorganisms include yeasts and molds and can cause mycoses?
A.	Fungi	
B.	Bacteria	
C.	Protozoa	
D.	Viruses	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.13
MSC:	Remembering		

	19.	What is the large division of wormlike internal parasites known as?
A.	Trypanosoma	
B.	Aspergillus	
C.	Helminths	
D.	Plasmodium	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.13
MSC:	Remembering		

	20.	What microorganisms can only be seen by an electron microscope?
A.	Bacilli	
B.	Cocci	
C.	Tapeworms	
D.	Viruses	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.13
MSC:	Remembering		

	21.	Which occupational hazard is a risk for deep-sea divers and pilots?
A.	Ionizing radiation	
B.	Electrical shock	
C.	Decompression sickness	
D.	Chilblain	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.15
MSC:	Applying

	22.	The emergency room physician charts “bruising of the brain tissue and disruption of nerve function” and follows the description with what term?
A.	Frostbite	
B.	Contusion	
C.	Concussion	
D.	Skull fracture	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.14
MSC:	Applying

	23.	Janet ran into trouble on the Iditarod trail when her dog sled turned over on a slick patch of ice. While mostly unhurt, she is aware of feeling the extreme cold from the near-blizzard conditions she is in. When she gets her sled back up, what must she protect herself from?
A.	Syncope	
B.	Hypothermia	
C.	Leg cramps	
D.	Tachycardia	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.15
MSC:	Applying

	24.	Which of the following causes a lack of oxygen and accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood?
A.	Electric shock	
B.	Poisoning	
C.	Asphyxiation	
D.	Neoplasia	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.15
MSC:	Understanding		

	25.	Which of the following is classified by extent, depth, client age, and associated illness and injury?
A.	Insect, snake, and spider bites	
B.	Burns	
C.	Allergies	
D.	Physical trauma	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.15
MSC:	Remembering		

	26.	An oil truck explosion resulted in two victims suffering fourth-degree burns. What best describes the nature of these burns?
A.	They are the most superficial.	
B.	They involve only the epidermis and part of the dermis.	
C.	They destroy both the epidermis and the dermis.	
D.	They destroy the epidermis and dermis and damage bones, muscles, and tendons.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.15
MSC:	Applying

	27.	The action by a group of white cells called T-cell lymphocytes is known as what?
A.	Cell-mediated immunity	
B.	Humoral immunity	
C.	Immunodeficiency	
D.	Impaired metabolism	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.18
MSC:	Remembering		

	28.	What are the chemical or physical agents/irritants that may cause disease?
A.	Electric shock, poisoning, and ionizing radiation	
B.	Trauma to the extremities	
C.	Allergies and eczema	
D.	Vitamin deficiencies	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.15
MSC:	Remembering		

	29.	When there is an invasion of pathogenic microorganisms in the body, what is it called?
A.	An inflammation	
B.	A multifactorial disorder	
C.	An infection	
D.	A neoplasia	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.12
MSC:	Remembering		

	30.	Jacob lives on the streets. He is in and out of shelters and will do most anything for a drink. He is too thin and eats from trash cans or eats an occasional free meal at a shelter. What nutritional imbalance might he be experiencing?
A.	Starvation	
B.	Mineral and vitamin excesses	
C.	Malnutrition	
D.	Alcoholism	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.22
MSC:	Applying

COMPLETION

	1.	Colette, hospitalized for hip replacement surgery, has a surgical site infection 3 days after surgery. What type of infection does Colette most likely have? ____________

ANS:	Nosocomial

PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.1	MSC:	Applying

	2.	Identify the term for genetic immunity that is specific to race, sex, and an individual’s ability to respond. ____________

ANS:	Natural

PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.18	MSC:	Remembering

	3.	There are three identifiers for immunologic malfunctions. Two of them are known as allergy and autoimmunity. What is the third one? ____________

ANS:	Immunodeficiency

PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	1.19	MSC:	Applying

	4.	Three of the most common patterns of inheritance of monogenic disorders are autosomal dominant, X- or sex-linked, and ____________.

ANS:	Autosomal recessive

PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1	MSC:	Remembering

	5.	George from question 13 is still in the emergency room with a penetrating chest wound. His heart is now racing at 110 beats per minute. Recalling your medical terms for this chapter, name this symptom. ____________

ANS:	Tachycardia

PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.14B	MSC:	Remembering

	6.	When the body’s temperature-control mechanism malfunctions in extreme heat and the skin becomes hot, dry, and flushed but without sweat, the likely emergency is ____________.

ANS:	Heatstroke

PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.15	MSC:	Remembering

	7.	What is it called when leukocytes rush to the site of infection to engulf the invading organism? ____________

ANS:	Phagocytosis

PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.2	MSC:	Remembering

MATCHING

Match the terms with their definitions.
A.	Structures that make up DNA	
B.	Foreign substance produced by the body	
C.	Drugs used to prevent or stop vomiting	
D.	Pairs of genes that possess identical genes from each parent	
E.	Drugs that relieve pain	
F.	Pathological condition that results from a prior disease, injury, or attack	
G.	Insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood	
H.	Hives	
I.	Labored or difficulty breathing	
J.	Decrease in circulating blood volume	
K.	Antibody	
L.	Pruritus	
M.	Excessive fluid in body tissues	
N.	Abnormal heartbeat	
O.	Disease producing	

	1.	Urticaria

	2.	Sequela

	3.	Chromosome

	4.	Homozygous

	5.	Hypoxemia

	6.	Analgesic

	7.	Dyspnea

	8.	Antiemetic

	9.	Hypovolemic shock

	10.	Antigen

	11.	Pathogenic

	12.	Tachycardia

	13.	Edema

	1.	ANS:	H	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Remembering		

	2.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.24
MSC:	Remembering		

	3.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.6
MSC:	Remembering		

	4.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.7
MSC:	Remembering		

	5.	ANS:	G	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Remembering		

	6.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Remembering		

	7.	ANS:	I	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Remembering		

	8.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Remembering		

	9.	ANS:	J	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Remembering		

	10.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Remembering		

	11.	ANS:	O	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Remembering		

	12.	ANS:	N	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Remembering		

	13.	ANS:	M	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	OBJ:	1.1
MSC:	Remembering