Chapter 1: Medical Law, Ethics, and Bioethics

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____	1.	Laws are societal, human-made rules that are advisable or obligatory to observe.

____	2.	Ethics is easier to define than law.

____	3.	Medical specialization means fewer people are involved in personal health care.

____	4.	Honesty and integrity are two traits required of the ambulatory health-care professional.

____	5.	Ethics are sometimes defined as morals, values, and codes of behavior.

____	6.	Discussion of law, ethics, or bioethics will include discussion of the others.

____	7.	Medical law addresses licensure of health-care professionals; it does not address client safety.

____	8.	Ethics is a set of moral standards.

____	9.	Since federal law permits abortions, a physician is required to perform abortions or risk being penalized by the state.

____	10.	The AMA puts forth a code of ethics that all health-care professionals must adhere to.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	11.	Laws are:
a.	codes for behavior.	c.	only made at the state level.	
b.	obligatory societal rules.	d.	not meant to regulate medicine.	

____	12.	Ethical issues include:
a.	right to refuse immunization.	c.	personal rights only.	
b.	no legal implications.	d.	professional rights only.	

____	13.	Bioethical issues:
a.	have not changed in the past few decades.	
b.	come about when laws are passed.	
c.	cover only worldwide populations.	
d.	relate to biomedical technology and its practices.	

____	14.	Factors that influence law, ethics, and bioethics include:
a.	medical insurance and managed care.	c.	emerging medical technology.	
b.	potential for greed in health care.	d.	all of the above.	

____	15.	Ethics is/are:
a.	a set of legal standards.	c.	different in every culture.	
b.	not related to morals.	d.	universal rules.	

____	16.	The economics of health care:
a.	make health care available to everyone.	
b.	is, in part, driven by medical technology.	
c.	is unaffected by managed care.	
d.	is not influenced by medical specialization.	

____	17.	Ethical and bioethical standards can be ____, ____, ____, and ____.
a.	personal, organizational, institutional, worldwide	
b.	organizational, institutional, linked, ritual	
c.	personal, organizational, traditional, conventional	
d.	merged, grouped, blended, linked	

____	18.	The three Codes of Ethics that apply to worldwide issues are ____, ____, and ____.
a.	Confederate Code, Engagement Code, Ethics of America Healthcare Workers	
b.	Geneva Convention Code, Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki	
c.	Declaration of Helsinki, AAMA Code of Morals, United Nations Code	
d.	Nuremberg Code, Conduct Code of the Americas, Christopher Columbus Ethical Code	

____	19.	Who dictates the ethics for an individual health-care employee?
a.	The head provider in the clinic	c.	The health-care workers themselves	
b.	The hospital that owns the clinic	d.	The office manager of the clinic	

____	20.	Which of the following influence the ethics of a health-care worker?
a.	Gender of the worker	
b.	Geographic area in which the worker is employed	
c.	Age of the worker	
d.	Culture of the worker	

Completion
Complete each statement.

	21.	____________________ are groups of individuals who put a plan in place before an ethical crisis occurs.

	22.	Laws are designed to protect the ____________________ and ____________________ of society.

	23.	President ____________________ established the first bioethical advisory group/commission in 1995.

	24.	Laws are mandatory rules to which all citizens must adhere. Ethics are ____________________ standards to which all citizens must adhere.

	25.	____________________ and ____________________ factors are relevant to the importance of medical law, ethics, and bioethics.

	26.	One of the big issues with health care is the debate over whether health care is a right or a ____________________.

	27.	A certified medical assistant follows the code of ethics written by the ____________________.

	28.	The purpose of any patient bill of rights is to make certain that clients ____________________.

	29.	“Is it legal or in accordance with institutional or company policy” is a question developed by ____________________ and ____________________ to help with ethical dilemmas.

	30.	The ____________________ is an important communication link between the client and the provider.

Short Answer

	31.	Identify the three “ethics check” questions of Blanchard and Peale:

	32.	Name five desirable characteristics of a professional health-care employee:

	33.	Summarize the 2010 Healthcare Reform Bill’s Patient Bill of Rights.

	34.	Describe how the effect of heredity, culture, and environment may influence a person’s ethical standards and how these may affect his or her professional performance.

	35.	Compare personal, professional, and organizational ethics and how an employee may incorporate all of them into his or her professional practices.

Matching

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.	Individual who assumes the care of hospitalized individuals in place of their PCP	f.	Protected the rights of clients and appealed to the inner instincts of the physician without imposing penalties	
b.	Referring to numerous distinct ethnic, religious, and cultural groups that coexist in society	g.	Suggested guidelines for human experimentation	
c.	Code for behavior to govern an individual’s interactions with others and within society	h.	Suggested guidelines for both therapeutic and scientific clinical research	
d.	Area of medicine that deals with medical technology and life and death issues	i.	Designed to put consumers back in charge of their health coverage	
e.	Set of standards that help an individual make ethical decisions	j.	Developed questions to aid an individual in making ethical decisions	

____	36.	Nuremberg Code

____	37.	Hippocratic Oath

____	38.	Blanchard and Peale

____	39.	Pluralistic

____	40.	2010 Healthcare Reform Bill

____	41.	Bioethics

____	42.	Declaration of Helsinki

____	43.	Ethics

____	44.	Hospitalist

____	45.	Code of Ethics

Chapter 1: Medical Law, Ethics, and Bioethics
Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

	1.	ANS:	T	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	2.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	3.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1

	4.	ANS:	T	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.A.1	

	5.	ANS:	T	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	6.	ANS:	T	PTS:	1

	7.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1

	8.	ANS:	T	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	9.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1

	10.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	11.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	12.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	13.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	14.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	15.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	16.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	17.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	18.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	19.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	KEY:	ABHES: 11.b.4	

	20.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1

COMPLETION

	21.	ANS:	Ethics Committees

PTS:	1

	22.	ANS:	welfare, safety

PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	23.	ANS:	Clinton

PTS:	1

	24.	ANS:	optional

PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.1	

	25.	ANS:	Political, economic

PTS:	1

	26.	ANS:	privilege

PTS:	1

	27.	ANS:	American Association of Medical Assistants (AAMA)

PTS:	1

	28.	ANS:	know their rights

PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: IX.C.4	

	29.	ANS:	Blanchard, Peale

PTS:	1

	30.	ANS:	health-care employee

PTS:	1

SHORT ANSWER

	31.	ANS:	
Is it legal with institutional or company policy? Does it promote a win-win situation with as many individuals as possible? How would I feel about myself were I to read it in the daily newspaper?

PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.A.1 | ABHES: 11.b.4

	32.	ANS:	
Clear, open, knowledgeable of personal choices and beliefs. Comfortable in “servant” role. Nonjudgmental, respectful, caring, sensitive. Maintains appropriate skills, continues education. Honest, keeps confidences, prudent.

PTS:	1

	33.	ANS:	
Answers will vary but should include the following:
Affordable health care for everyone
Put consumers back in charge of their health coverage
Prevent insurance carriers from certain practices to ban clients from coverage

PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: IX.C.4	

	34.	ANS:	
Heredity, culture, and the environment in which one lives affect his or her idea of ethics. Unless a medical assistant is aware that these differences exist, he or she will think that a client should act and think as the medical assistant does. A medical assistant is taught that everyone is unique, and the medical assistant needs to stay open minded and nonjudgmental when dealing with clients.

PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.5 | ABHES: 5.g

	35.	ANS:	
Each person has unique ethical standards that have been formed over time throughout his or her lifetime. These are personal ethics, and individuals will follow these standards as they live their lives. When individuals enter a professional career, there are certain standards that are expected of that particular profession. Throughout their education, medical assistants must learn to combine their personal and professional ethics and resolve any issues that may exist. When a medical assistant is hired, there will be ethical standards at the workplace. Again, the medical assistant must consider these ethical standards and assimilate them into his or her personal and professional standard of ethics. If at any point the medical assistant finds that there are conflicts that cannot be resolved, perhaps it is time that he or she reconsider the career choice or workplace. Answers will vary with each student.

PTS:	1	KEY:	CAAHEP: X.C.2	

MATCHING

	36.	ANS:	G	PTS:	1

	37.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1

	38.	ANS:	J	PTS:	1

	39.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	40.	ANS:	I	PTS:	1

	41.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	42.	ANS:	H	PTS:	1

	43.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	44.	ANS:	A	PTS:	0

	45.	ANS:	E	PTS:	0