Carter: Digital Radiography and PACS

Chapter 01: Introduction to Digital Radiography and PACS

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Film and intensifying screens are primarily used in ______.
a.	Computed radiography	
b.	Digital radiography	
c.	Conventional radiography	
d.	Picture archival and communication systems	

ANS:	C	OBJ:	Define digital imaging and communications in medicine.
TOP:	Conventional radiography

	2.	Intensifying screens ______.
a.	Absorb light	
b.	Emit light	
c.	Absorb scatter	
d.	Emit positive electrons	

ANS:	B	OBJ:	Explain latent image formation for conventional radiography.
TOP:	Conventional radiography

	3.	Light exposing the film is in direct proportion to the amount and energy of the incident photon upon the screen.
a.	True	
b.	False	

ANS:	A	OBJ:	Explain latent image formation for conventional radiography.
TOP:	Conventional radiography

	4.	Which modality was the first to use the principle of digital imaging?
a.	CT	
b.	MRI	
c.	Ultrasonography	
d.	Cardiac catheterization	

ANS:	A	OBJ:	Define digital imaging and communications in medicine.
TOP:	Digital imaging	

	5.	Who was the first to incorporate digital imaging with the CT scanner?
a.	Paul Lauterbor	
b.	Godfrey Hounsfield	
c.	Sol Nudelman	
d.	M. Paul Capp	

ANS:	B	OBJ:	Define digital imaging and communications in medicine.
TOP:	Digital imaging	

	6.	The latest modality to incorporate digital imaging with their image acquisition is ______.
a.	MRI	
b.	Radiography	
c.	Ultrasonography	
d.	Mammography	

ANS:	D	OBJ:	Define digital imaging and communications in medicine.
TOP:	Digital imaging	

	7.	The invention of computed tomography is heralded as ______.
a.	The advanced use of three-dimensional computation in medical imaging	
b.	One of the greatest milestones in medical imaging	
c.	The stepping stone for the development of MRI	
d.	The first modality to use PACS	

ANS:	B	OBJ:	Define digital imaging and communications in medicine.
TOP:	Historical development of digital imaging	

	8.	The earliest computed tomography of the head took several hours to acquire a single slice of information.
a.	True	
b.	False	

ANS:	A	OBJ:	Define digital imaging and communications in medicine.
TOP:	Historical development of digital imaging	

	9.	Early reconstruction of raw computed tomography data took a few ______ to form a recognizable image.
a.	Minutes	
b.	Hours	
c.	Days	

ANS:	C	OBJ:	Define digital imaging and communications in medicine.
TOP:	Historical development of digital imaging	

	10.	The first commercial CT scanners could image the ______.
a.	Abdomen only	
b.	Head only	
c.	Head and abdomen	
d.	Total body	

ANS:	B	
OBJ:	Describe the latent image formation process for computed radiography.
TOP:	Historical development of digital imaging	

	11.	In which decade was MRI first introduced?
a.	1950s	
b.	1960s	
c.	1970s	
d.	1980s	

ANS:	D	OBJ:	Define digital imaging and communications in medicine.
TOP:	Historical development of digital imaging	

	12.	Which two modalities could easily be converted to digital imaging properties?
a.	CT and ultrasonography	
b.	CT and MRI	
c.	Ultrasonography and nuclear medicine	
d.	Nuclear medicine and CT	

ANS:	C	OBJ:	Define digital imaging and communications in medicine.
TOP:	Historical development of digital imaging	

	13.	Early picture archival and communication systems were first developed ______.
a.	In Canada	
b.	By the U.S. military	
c.	By Albert Jutras	
d.	By NASA	

ANS:	B	OBJ:	Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.	
TOP:	Digital radiography	

	14.	Teleradiography incorporated ______ to produce radiographic images.
a.	Satellite feeds 	
b.	Cable lines 	
c.	T1 cables 	
d.	Telephone lines	

ANS:	D	OBJ:	Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.	
TOP:	Digital radiography	

	15.	One of the early goals related to the development of PACS was to ______.
a.	Reduce costs related to overstaffing	
b.	Allow radiologists to read stat films from a hospital while at home	
c.	Provide a means to move battlefield images to an established hospital	
d.	Eliminate the need for chemical processing	

ANS:	C	OBJ:	Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.	
TOP:	Digital radiography	

	16.	Computed radiography acquires an image through ______.
a.	Conventional film/screen processing using a digital scanner	
b.	The heating of a thermoluminescent device	
c.	An electrically charged cassette	
d.	The use of a storage phosphor plate	

ANS:	D	
OBJ:	Describe the latent image formation process for computed radiography.
TOP:	Computed radiography

	17.	When switching from a conventional diagnostic radiography room to one that incorporates computed radiography, major equipment changes are to be expected.
a.	True	
b.	False	

ANS:	B	
OBJ:	Describe the latent image formation process for computed radiography.
TOP:	Computed radiography

	18.	Storage phosphor plates are similar to ______.
a.	Intensifying screens	
b.	Xeromammography cassettes	
c.	Flat panel detectors	
d.	Cardboard cassette	

ANS:	A	
OBJ:	Describe the latent image formation process for computed radiography.
TOP:	Computed radiography

	19.	In a digital radiography system, which of the following are needed to produce a radiographic image?
a.	X-ray absorber and a CCD	
b.	Intensifying screen and a TFT	
c.	Storage phosphor plate and a CCD	
d.	Storage phosphor plate and a TFT	

ANS:	A	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Digital radiography	

	20.	Like CR, DR can use the existing diagnostic equipment found in today’s imaging departments.
a.	True	
b.	False	

ANS:	B	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Digital radiography	

	21.	Indirect capture DR converts absorbed x-ray energy into visible light.
a.	True	
b.	False	

ANS:	A	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Digital radiography	

	22.	The two elements needed to convert light signals into an electrical signal while using indirect capture DR are TFT and ______.
a.	Photodiodes	
b.	Photoconductors	
c.	Phototransistors	
d.	Photostators	

ANS:	A	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Digital radiography	

	23.	The x-ray absorber typically used in direct capture DR is a ______.
a.	Photodiode	
b.	Phototransistor	
c.	Photoconductor	
d.	Photoelectron	

ANS:	C	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Digital radiography	

	24.	A Bucky apparatus is required for digital radiography.
a.	True	
b.	False	

ANS:	B	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	25.	Technologist efficiency ratings are generally the same when comparing conventional radiography to ______ radiography.
a.	Computed 	
b.	Digital 	

ANS:	A	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	26.	Compared with a 90-second processing time found in conventional radiography, image acquisition with DR has now been reduced to ______.
a.	Instantaneous acquisition	
b.	1 to 2 seconds	
c.	3 to 5 seconds	
d.	6 to 8 seconds	

ANS:	C	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	27.	In conventional radiography film processing, the sensitivity speck has this electrical charge.
a.	Neutral	
b.	Positive	
c.	Negative	

ANS:	C	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	28.	The active element in a storage phosphor is ______.
a.	Lithium	
b.	Glutaraldehyde	
c.	Europium	
d.	Barium fluorohalide	

ANS:	D	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	29.	In reference to CR, to release the latent image, which of the following devices is scanned over the phosphor plate?
a.	Photomultiplier tube	
b.	Fluorescent light	
c.	Focused laser light	
d.	Lithium crystal	

ANS:	C	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	30.	Which of the following best describes the sequence for image acquisition using computed radiography?
a.	Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photomultiplier, digital–analog converter, review station	
b.	Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photodensitometer, digital–analog converter, review station	
c.	Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photodensitometer, analog–digital converter, review station	
d.	Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photomultiplier, analog–digital converter, review station	

ANS:	D	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	31.	X-ray energy related to direct capture DR will stimulate a ______, which eventually is changed into an electrical signal.
a.	Photodensitometer	
b.	Scintillator	
c.	TFT array	
d.	Charge-coupled device	

ANS:	B	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	32.	The ______ converts x-ray energy directly to a digital electrical signal.
a.	Photoconductor	
b.	Photomultiplier	
c.	Scintillator	
d.	TLD	

ANS:	A	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	33.	Another name for exposure latitude is ______.
a.	Characteristic response	
b.	Linear manner	
c.	Subject contrast	
d.	Dynamic range	

ANS:	D	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	34.	A look-up table maps ______.
a.	Latent images	
b.	Subject contrasts	
c.	Image gray scale values	
d.	Optical density	

ANS:	C	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	35.	With conventional radiography, optical density is primarily controlled by ______.
a.	Kilovoltage	
b.	Milliamperage	
c.	Line voltage	
d.	Milliampere-seconds	

ANS:	D	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	36.	Barium fluorohalide phosphor screens have a k-edge at ______ keV.
a.	32 	
b.	35 	
c.	37 	
d.	40 	

ANS:	C	
OBJ:	Compare and contrast the latent image formation process for independent and dependent capture digital radiography.	TOP:	Comparison of film to CR and DR

	37.	The first full-scale PACS was first used in 1993 in ______.
a.	Boston	
b.	Philadelphia	
c.	New York	
d.	Baltimore	

ANS:	D	OBJ:	Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.	
TOP:	Picture archival and communication systems

	38.	Many PACS reading stations also have image-processing capabilities.
a.	True	
b.	False	

ANS:	A	OBJ:	Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.	
TOP:	PACS uses

	39.	DICOM is a standard that allows imaging modalities and PACS to communicate in the same language.
a.	True	
b.	False	

ANS:	A	OBJ:	Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.	
TOP:	PACS uses

	40.	All of the following are components of a PACS except ______.
a.	Independent kilovoltage peak and milliampere-second stations	
b.	Web access	
c.	Multiple interfaces	
d.	Reading stations	

ANS:	A	OBJ:	Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.	
TOP:	PACS uses