Chapter 1: Trends and Issues

Multiple Choice

1. Since 1995 there has been a significant decrease in the rate of infant death related to which of the following:
a. Disorders associated with short gestation and low birth weight
b. Accidents
c. Sudden infant death
d. Newborns affected by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes

ANS: c
	Feedback	
a.	The rates of prematurity and low birth weight are increasing.	
b.	The rates of accidents have increased.	
c.	Correct. The rate of infant death related to SIDS has decreased from 87.1 to 47.2. The decrease in rate is partially attributed to placing infants on their backs when sleeping.	
d.	The rates of newborns affected by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes have increased.	

KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning | Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Content Area: Maternity | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Tobacco use during pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on the unborn infant such as intrauterine growth restriction, preterm births, and respiratory problems. By race, which has the highest percentages of smokers?
a. American Indian and Alaskan Natives
b. Asian or Pacific Islanders
c. Non-Hispanic blacks
d. Non-Hispanic whites

ANS: a
	Feedback	
a.	36% of American Indian and Native American women are cigarette smokers.	
b.	4.3% of Asian or Pacific Islander women are cigarette smokers.	
c.	17.1% of non-Hispanic black women are cigarette smokers.	
d.	19.6% of non-Hispanic white women are cigarette smokers.	

KEY: Integrated Process: Clinical Problem Solving | Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Content Area: Maternity | Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment | Difficulty Level: Easy 

3. Which of the following women is at the highest risk for health disparity?
a. A white, middle-class, 16-year-old woman
b. An African American, middle-class, 25-year-old woman
c. An African American, upper-middle-class, 19-year-old woman
d. An Asian, low-income, 30-year-old woman

ANS: d
	Feedback	
a.	Although age is a risk factor, income contributes to disparity.	
b.	Although African American women are at increased risk, income accounts for the largest disparity.	
c.	Although age and race contribute to increased risk, income accounts for the largest disparity.	
d.	Although age and race contribute to increased risk, income accounts for the largest disparity.	

KEY: Integrated Process: Clinical Problem Solving | Cognitive Level: Application | Content Area: Maternity | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Difficulty Level: Moderate 

4. A neonate born at 36 weeks gestation is classified as which of the following?
a. Very premature
b. Moderately premature
c. Late premature
d. Term

ANS: c
	Feedback	
a.	Very premature is less than 32 weeks’ gestation.	
b.	Moderately premature is 32 to 33 completed weeks’ gestation.	
c.	Correct. Late premature is 34 to 36 completed weeks’ gestation.	
d.	Term is 37 to 42 weeks’ gestation.	
KEY: Integrated Process: Clinical Problem Solving | Cognitive Level: Application | Content Area: Maternity | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The perinatal nurse explains to the student nurse that a goal of the Healthy People 2020 report is to:
a. Increase proportion of infants who are breastfed to 93.1%.
b. Increase proportion of infants who are breastfed to 90.7%.
c. Increase proportion of infants who are breastfed to 85.6%.
d. Increase proportion of infants who are breastfed to 83.9%.

ANS: d
A goal of Healthy People 2020 is to increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed from 74% to 81.9%.

KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Application | Content Area: Maternity | Difficulty Level: Moderate

6. The perinatal nurse explains to the student nurse that __________ is the leading cause of infant death in the United States.
a. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
b. Respiratory distress of newborns
c. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
d. Congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities

ANS: d
KEY: Integrated Process: Clinical Problem Solving | Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Content Area: Maternity | Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment | Difficulty Level: Difficult

Multiple Response

7. Which of the following statements are true related to teen pregnancies? (Select all that apply.)
a. Teen mothers are at higher risk for HIV.
b. Teen mothers are at higher risk for hypertensive problems.
c. The birth rate for teenaged women has increased in the past 15 years.
d. Infants born to teen mothers are at higher risk for health problems.

ANS: a, b, d
Health statistics report higher risk for HIV, for hypertensive problems, and for health problems to infants born to teen mothers. Birth rates for teen mothers in all age categories have decreased since 1991.

KEY: Integrated Process: Clinical Problem Solving | Cognitive Level: Application | Content Area: Maternity | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Difficulty Level: Moderate