Chapter 01: Introduction to the Body
Patton: The Human Body in Health & Disease, 8th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Which word is derived from the Greek words meaning “cutting apart”?
a.	Dissection	
b.	Physiology	
c.	Pathology	
d.	Anatomy	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 2
TOP:	Introduction

	2.	Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts?
a.	Dissection	
b.	Physiology	
c.	Pathology	
d.	Anatomy	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 2
TOP:	Introduction

	3.	Which word is defined as the scientific study of disease?
a.	Dissection	
b.	Physiology	
c.	Pathology	
d.	Anatomy	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 2
TOP:	Introduction

	4.	Cells
a.	are more complex than tissues.	
b.	are the first level of organization in the body.	
c.	are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body.	
d.	contain the same organelles no matter what cell type they are.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 5	
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	5.	A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a(n)
a.	molecule.	
b.	organ.	
c.	tissue.	
d.	organism.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	6.	The heart is an example of a(n)
a.	organ.	
b.	tissue.	
c.	organism.	
d.	system.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 5	
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	7.	The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are
a.	cell, chemical, organ, tissue, system.	
b.	tissue, cell, chemical, organ, system.	
c.	chemical, tissue, cell, organ, system.	
d.	chemical, cell, tissue, organ, system.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 4
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	8.	When using directional terms to describe the body, it is assumed that the body is in what position?
a.	Supine	
b.	Anatomical	
c.	Lateral	
d.	Prone	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 5
TOP:	Anatomical position	

	9.	The supine position
a.	describes the body lying face up.	
b.	is also called anatomical position.	
c.	describes the body lying face down.	
d.	describes the body lying on its side.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical position	

	10.	The prone position
a.	describes the body lying face up.	
b.	is also called the anatomical position.	
c.	describes the body lying face down.	
d.	describes the body lying on its side.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical position	

	11.	Because humans walk upright, the term dorsal can be used in place of the term
a.	inferior.	
b.	posterior.	
c.	anterior.	
d.	distal.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	12.	The opposite term for posterior in humans is
a.	superior.	
b.	anterior.	
c.	dorsal.	
d.	lateral.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical direction

	13.	The opposite term for superficial is
a.	deep.	
b.	inferior.	
c.	posterior.	
d.	medial.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	14.	The body section that divides the right ear from the left ear is a _____ section.
a.	frontal	
b.	sagittal	
c.	coronal	
d.	transverse	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Applying	REF:	pp. 7-8	TOP:	Planes or body sections

	15.	The body section that divides the nose from the back of the head is a _____ section.
a.	frontal	
b.	sagittal	
c.	midsagittal	
d.	transverse	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Applying	REF:	pp. 7-8	TOP:	Planes or body sections

	16.	A section that divides the body into mirror images is a _____ section.
a.	frontal	
b.	coronal	
c.	midsagittal	
d.	transverse	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Applying	REF:	pp. 7-8	TOP:	Planes or body sections

	17.	The two major body cavities are called
a.	thoracic and abdominal.	
b.	thoracic and pelvic.	
c.	dorsal and ventral.	
d.	mediastinum and pleural.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8
TOP:	Body cavities		

	18.	The liver can be found in the
a.	upper right quadrant.	
b.	upper left quadrant.	
c.	hypogastric region.	
d.	left lumbar region.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 9	TOP:	Body cavities

	19.	The word “leg” correctly describes the
a.	area from the hip to the foot.	
b.	area from the knee to the ankle.	
c.	area between the hip and the knee.	
d.	femoral area.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 12
TOP:	Body regions		

	20.	The human body tries to maintain a constant body temperature. This is an example of
a.	homeostasis.	
b.	a positive feedback loop.	
c.	an effector.	
d.	a sensor.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 13	
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	21.	The part of a feedback loop that has the direct effect on the regulated condition is called
a.	homeostasis.	
b.	the effector.	
c.	the sensor.	
d.	the control center.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 13
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	22.	The part of the feedback loop that detects a change in the regulated condition is called
a.	homeostasis.	
b.	the effector.	
c.	the sensor.	
d.	the control center.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 13
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	23.	The part of the feedback loop that compares the present condition within a body part or region to its homeostatic condition is called
a.	homeostasis.	
b.	the effector.	
c.	the sensor.	
d.	the control center.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 13
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	24.	When your body temperature drops below normal, you begin to shiver as your muscles contract rapidly and generate heat. In this case your muscles are acting as the
a.	sensor.	
b.	effector.	
c.	control center.	
d.	reflex center.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Evaluating	REF:	p. 14	
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	25.	Which of the following body functions is an example of a positive feedback loop?
a.	Maintaining a pH of 7.45 in the body	
b.	Maintaining blood glucose levels	
c.	Maintaining uterine contractions during labor	
d.	Maintaining body temperature at 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 15	
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	26.	The level of organization that precedes the organ level is the _____ level.
a.	system	
b.	cellular	
c.	tissue	
d.	chemical	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 4
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	27.	Which of these terms cannot be applied to a body in the anatomical position?
a.	Dorsal	
b.	Posterior	
c.	Supine	
d.	Prone	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical position	

	28.	Which term means toward the head?
a.	Anterior	
b.	Superior	
c.	Superficial	
d.	Ventral	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	29.	Which describes the anatomical relationship of the elbow to the wrist?
a.	The elbow is proximal to the wrist.	
b.	The elbow is distal to the wrist.	
c.	The elbow is superficial to the wrist.	
d.	The elbow is lateral to the wrist.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical direction

	30.	A coronal plane or section is another term for a _____ plane.
a.	sagittal	
b.	midsagittal	
c.	transverse	
d.	frontal	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8
TOP:	Planes or body sections

	31.	The muscular sheet called the diaphragm divides the
a.	right and left pleural cavities.	
b.	thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavities.	
c.	abdominal and pelvic cavities.	
d.	thoracic cavity and mediastinum.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8
TOP:	Body cavities		

	32.	Which is not a part of the upper abdominopelvic region?
a.	Right hypochondriac region	
b.	Epigastric region	
c.	Hypogastric region	
d.	The right hypochondriac, epigastric, and hypogastric region are all part of the upper abdominopelvic region.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 9
TOP:	Body cavities		

	33.	Which of the following are in the axial region?
a.	Head and neck	
b.	Trunk and upper and lower extremities	
c.	Upper and lower extremities	
d.	Head, neck, and upper and lower extremities	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 12
TOP:	Body regions		

	34.	Which of the following is an accurate statement?
a.	Homeostatic control mechanisms maintain body conditions at constant levels.	
b.	Homeostatic control mechanisms allow body conditions to fluctuate near a typical, ideal level.	
c.	Most homeostatic control mechanisms operate through positive feedback.	
d.	Homeostatic control mechanisms help maintain body temperature at exactly 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	pp. 13-15
TOP:	Homeostasis and healthy fluctuations	

MATCHING

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
a.	Chemical level	
b.	Cellular level	
c.	Tissue level	
d.	Organ level	
e.	System level	
f.	Organism	

	1.	Level that contains the smallest “living parts” of the body

	2.	A word used to denote a living thing

	3.	Level that includes atoms and molecules

	4.	Level made up of groups of tissues working together to perform a task

	5.	Level that is the most complex unit within the organism

	6.	Level that is made up of a group of cells working together to perform a task

	1.	ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	2.	ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	3.	ANS:	A	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	4.	ANS:	D	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	5.	ANS:	E	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	6.	ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
a.	Superior	
b.	Anterior	
c.	Medial	
d.	Proximal	
e.	Superficial	
f.	Inferior	
g.	Posterior	
h.	Lateral	
i.	Distal	
j.	Deep	

	7.	Nearer to the surface of the body

	8.	Toward the head or above

	9.	Toward the midline of the body

	10.	Away from the trunk or point of origin

	11.	Toward the feet or below

	12.	Toward the back

	13.	Farther away from the surface of the body

	14.	Toward the side

	15.	Toward the front

	16.	Nearest to the trunk or point of origin

	7.	ANS:	E	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	8.	ANS:	A	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	9.	ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	10.	ANS:	I	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	11.	ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	12.	ANS:	G	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	13.	ANS:	J	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	14.	ANS:	H	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	15.	ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	16.	ANS:	D	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
a.	Frontal plane	
b.	Transverse plane	
c.	Sagittal plane	
d.	Diaphragm	
e.	Thoracic cavity	
f.	Abdominopelvic cavity	
g.	Cranial cavity	
h.	Mediastinum	

	17.	A muscular sheet dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

	18.	The lower part of the ventral body cavity

	19.	Divides the body into right and left sides

	20.	Part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain

	21.	Divides the body into upper and lower parts

	22.	A subdivision of the thoracic cavity

	23.	Divides the body into front and rear parts

	24.	Cavity that is subdivided into pleural cavities

	17.	ANS:	D	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8
TOP:	Body cavities		

	18.	ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8
TOP:	Body cavities		

	19.	ANS:	C	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 7 | p. 8
TOP:	Planes or body sections

	20.	ANS:	G	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 7 | p. 8
TOP:	Body cavities		

	21.	ANS:	B	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 7 | p. 8
TOP:	Planes or body sections

	22.	ANS:	H	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8
TOP:	Body cavities		

	23.	ANS:	A	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 7 | p. 8
TOP:	Planes or body sections

	24.	ANS:	E	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8
TOP:	Body cavities		

TRUE/FALSE

	1.	Anatomy is defined as the study of the structure of an organism.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 2
TOP:	Introduction

	2.	The word “dissection” comes from Greek words meaning “cutting apart.”

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 2
TOP:	Introduction

	3.	Anatomy deals with the study of structure, whereas physiology deals with the study of function.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 2
TOP:	Introduction

	4.	Pathology is the scientific study of disease.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 2
TOP:	Introduction

	5.	A protein molecule is considered to be at the cellular level of organization.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Analyzing	REF:	p. 4 | p. 5	
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	6.	The cell is the simplest level of organization in the human body.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 4 | p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	7.	Cells are considered to be the smallest living units of structure and function in the body.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 4 | p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	8.	A group of cells working together to perform a specific function is called an organ.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 4 | p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	9.	A group of several different tissues working together to perform a specific function is called an organ.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 4 | p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	10.	The organ is the highest level of organization in the human body.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 4 | p. 5
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	11.	Anatomical position is the reference position for the directional terms of the body.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 5 | p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical position

	12.	If you like to sleep on your stomach, you prefer sleeping in the supine position.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 5 | p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical position

	13.	Doctors recommend putting babies to sleep on their backs to help prevent breathing problems. This is the supine position.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 5 | p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical position

	14.	The anatomical position can be described as the body being erect with the arms held at shoulder level with the palms of the hands facing down.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 5 | p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical position	

	15.	The ankle is distal to the knee.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical direction

	16.	Dorsal and anterior are interchangeable terms when referring to humans.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	17.	The lungs are medial to the heart.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical direction

	18.	The elbow is proximal to the wrist.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical direction

	19.	The skin is superficial to the muscles.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical direction

	20.	Proximal and medial are opposite terms.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	21.	The knee is distal to the ankle.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical direction

	22.	The middle toe is medial to the big toe but lateral to the smallest toe.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 6	TOP:	Anatomical direction

	23.	Frontal and coronal sections refer to the same thing.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 7 | p. 8
TOP:	Planes or body sections

	24.	Sagittal and midsagittal sections refer to the same thing.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 7 | p. 8
TOP:	Planes or body sections

	25.	A plane dividing a body into upper and lower portions is a transverse plane.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 7 | p. 8
TOP:	Planes or body sections

	26.	A plane dividing the body into front and back portions is a sagittal plane.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 7 | p. 8
TOP:	Planes or body sections

	27.	A midsagittal plane divides the right shoulder from the left shoulder.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 7 | p. 8	TOP:	Planes or body sections

	28.	A transverse plane divides the eyes from the back of the head.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 7 | p. 8	TOP:	Planes or body sections

	29.	A frontal section divides the eyes from the back of the head.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 7 | p. 8	TOP:	Planes or body sections

	30.	The ventral cavity is one of the main cavities of the body.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8 | p. 9
TOP:	Body cavities		

	31.	The mediastinum is a subdivision of the abdominal cavity.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8 | p. 9
TOP:	Body cavities		

	32.	The pleural cavities are subdivisions of the thoracic cavity.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8 | p. 9
TOP:	Body cavities		

	33.	The abdominal cavity is inferior to the thoracic cavity.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 8 | p. 9	TOP:	Body cavities

	34.	The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8 | p. 9
TOP:	Body cavities		

	35.	The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8 | p. 9
TOP:	Body cavities		

	36.	The right hypochondriac region is completely in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 8 | p. 9	TOP:	Body cavities

	37.	The left hypochondriac region is completely in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 8 | p. 9	TOP:	Body cavities

	38.	The right lumbar region is superior to the right iliac region.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 8 | p. 9	TOP:	Body cavities

	39.	The dorsal cavity includes the spinal cavity.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8 | p. 9
TOP:	Body cavities		

	40.	The brain is located in the dorsal cavity.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 8 | p. 9
TOP:	Body cavities		

	41.	Homeostasis is the relative consistency of the internal environment of the body.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	pp. 13-15
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	42.	The body’s major means of maintaining homeostasis is through a positive feedback loop.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	pp. 13-15
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	43.	In a feedback loop, the part of the system that compares the actual condition to the controlled condition is called the sensor.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	pp. 13-15
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	44.	In a feedback loop, the part of the system that effects a change in the controlled condition is called the effector.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	pp. 13-15
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	45.	In a feedback loop, the part of the system that detects a change in the controlled condition is called the sensor.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	pp. 13-15
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	46.	A negative feedback loop stimulates and amplifies a change in the internal environment.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	pp. 13-15
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	47.	A negative feedback loop opposes or negates a change in the internal environment.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	pp. 13-15
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	48.	The body has more positive feedback loops than negative feedback loops.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	pp. 13-15
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	49.	The formation of a blood clot is an example of a negative feedback loop.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Applying	REF:	pp. 13-15	
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	50.	The pH of the body must remain within a very narrow range. It would more likely be controlled by a negative feedback loop.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	pp. 13-15	
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	51.	Positive feedback loops are sometimes involved in healthy body function.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Evaluating	REF:	pp. 13-15	
TOP:	The balance of body functions

	52.	Both the heart and the blood vessels are considered to be organs in the cardiovascular system.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 4 | p. 5	
TOP:	Structural levels of organization

	53.	An “L” on an anatomical compass rosette can stand for “Left” or “Lateral” depending on what is opposite it.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6 | p. 7
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	54.	An “S” on an anatomical compass rosette can stand for “Superior” or “Supine” depending on what is opposite it.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	p. 6 | p. 7
TOP:	Anatomical direction	

	55.	When you look at an anatomical compass rosette in the text, the “R” on the rosette is on your right side.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Applying	REF:	p. 6 | p. 7	TOP:	Anatomical direction

	56.	The appendicular portion of the body consists of the head, neck, and torso or trunk.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Applying	REF:	pp. 10-12	TOP:	Body regions

	57.	Healthy homeostatic control mechanisms maintain conditions in the body at precise, constant levels to sustain health.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Remembering			REF:	pp. 13-15
TOP:	Homeostasis and healthy fluctuations	

	58.	Conditions such as body temperature and blood pH must be maintained at constant levels through homeostatic mechanisms.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Applying	REF:	pp. 13-15	
TOP:	Homeostasis and healthy fluctuations