Chapter 1: Organization of the Human Body
Test Bank

TRUE/FALSE

	1.	The term anatomy refers to the functioning of the structures of the human body.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	2.	The term physiology refers to the functioning of the structures of the human body.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	3.	The difference between the study of gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy is the size of what is being studied.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 3	
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	4.	Gross anatomy includes the study of both cytology and histology.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	5.	Dissection is one method that biologist use to improve our understanding of human physiology.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 4	
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	6.	A hypothesis has more experimental support behind it than a theory.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	7.	Experimental support can elevate a hypothesis into a theory.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	8.	The sum total of all life’s physical and chemical processes is called metabolism.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 5
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	9.	Both elements and macromolecules are more complex than molecules.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 5	
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	10.	In the levels of organization, organelles are between the chemical level and the cellular level.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 5
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	11.	Groups of many related cells that develop together are called tissues.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	12.	The four major tissues of the body are bone, connective, nervous, and muscle.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	13.	Organs of the body join together from the 10 organ systems of the body.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	14.	The reference position that is used to study the body is called the anatomical position.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7
TOP:	Anatomical Position	

	15.	A body standing facing forward with the feet and head facing forward and the arms at the sides with palms facing forward describes bilateral symmetry.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7
TOP:	Anatomical Position	

	16.	The thoracic cavity is part of the ventral cavity.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	17.	All of the organs in the thoracic cavity are in the mediastinum.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	18.	The abdominopelvic cavity is part of the dorsal cavity.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	19.	The dorsal cavity contains the cranial cavity, the oral cavity, the orbital cavity, and the spinal cavity.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	20.	The internal organs of the body are covered by a thin membrane called the parietal membrane.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	21.	The head, neck, and trunk of the body make up the axial portion of the body.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8
TOP:	Body Regions		

	22.	For convenience in locating abdominal organs, anatomists divide the abdomen into a grid of six imaginary regions.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 9
TOP:	Body Regions		

	23.	In anatomical directions, superficial and superior mean the same thing.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	24.	In anatomical directions, dorsal and posterior mean the same thing.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	25.	The heart is inferior to the brain.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 10	
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	26.	The knee is distal to the foot.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 10	
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	27.	The skin of the arm is superficial to the bone of the arm.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 10	
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	28.	The nose is lateral to the ears.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 10	
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	29.	Blood would flow through the lumen of a blood vessel.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 11	
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

	30.	The medulla of an organ would be superficial to the cortex of an organ.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 11	
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction | Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

	31.	A midsagittal section would form two bilaterally symmetrical parts.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 12	
TOP:	Body Planes and Sections | Human Anatomy and Physiology	

	32.	A sagittal section can also be called a frontal section.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12
TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	33.	A transverse plane is also called a horizontal plane.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12
TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	34.	Homeostasis describes the relatively constant internal states maintained by the human body.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 13
TOP:	The Concept of Homeostasis

	35.	One of the homeostatic control mechanisms is called a feedback control loop.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 14
TOP:	Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

	36.	In every feedback loop there are four basic components: the sensor, the integrator, the effector, and the affector.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 14
TOP:	Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

	37.	The term efferent means that a signal is moving away from a particular center.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 14
TOP:	Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

	38.	The term afferent means that a signal is moving away from a particular center.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 14
TOP:	Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

	39.	If a thermostat was set at a temperature of 65°, the 65° would become the set point.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 14 | Page 15	
TOP:	Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

	40.	In the heating system example, the thermostat would be the sensor for a heating system.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 14 | Page 15	
TOP:	Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

	41.	In the heating system example, the furnace is the effector.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 14 | Page 15	
TOP:	Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

	42.	In the human body, the body temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 15
TOP:	Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

	43.	Skeletal muscles act as affectors in returning the body temperature to the set point.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 15	
TOP:	Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

	44.	A negative feedback control system produces a reaction opposite to the change that activated the system.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 15
TOP:	Negative Feedback Control Systems		

	45.	The set point for blood sugar is about 100 mg/ml. If the sugar level goes above that value, the body takes steps to lower the level. This is an example of a negative feedback loop.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Synthesis	REF:	Page 15	
TOP:	Negative Feedback Control Systems		

	46.	A positive feedback loop amplifies or reinforces the change that activated the system.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 16
TOP:	Positive Feedback Control Systems		

	47.	Most of the body’s control systems work off a positive feedback control system.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 16
TOP:	Positive Feedback Control Systems		

	48.	The feed-forward systems in the body are almost always negative feedback control systems.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 16
TOP:	Negative Feedback Control Systems		

	49.	The birth of a baby is an example of a positive feedback mechanism.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 16
TOP:	Positive Feedback Control Systems		

	50.	Because they work outside the cell, controls operated by tissues and organs are called extrinsic control systems.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 16
TOP:	Levels of Control	

	51.	As a person ages, the homeostatic control mechanisms become more and more efficient and effective.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 17
TOP:	Cycle of Life		

	52.	The term atrophy is used to describe the wasting effects of advancing age.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 17
TOP:	Cycle of Life		

	53.	In the descriptive terms for body regions, the term mental refers to the brain.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions (Table 1-4)

	54.	In the descriptive terms for body regions, the carpal region would be distal to the brachial region.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions (Table 1-4) | Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

	55.	In the descriptive terms for body regions, the cephalic region is superior to the crural region.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions (Table 1-4) | Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

	56.	In the descriptive terms for body regions, the manual region is proximal to the cubital region.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions (Table 1-4) | Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

	57.	In the descriptive terms for body regions, the buccal and oral regions would be referring to generally the same part of the body.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions (Table 1-4) | Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

	58.	A horizontal line and a vertical line passing through the umbilicus divides the abdomen into right and left upper and right and left lower quadrants.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 9 | Page 11
TOP:	Abdominal Regions and Abdominopelvic Quadrants

	59.	The term basal refers to the narrower tip of an organ.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

	60.	A cut made in a midsagittal plane would separate the right arm from the left arm.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 12	TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	61.	A cut made in a coronal plane would separate the head of the body from the feet of the body.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 12	TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	62.	A cut made in a transverse plane would separate the face from the back of the head.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 12	TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Metabolism refers to:
a.	the chemical basis of life.	
b.	the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body.	
c.	an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function.	
d.	a subdivision of physiology.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 5	
TOP:	Characteristics of Human Life

	2.	Homeostasis can best be described as:
a.	a constant state maintained by living and nonliving organisms.	
b.	a state of relative constancy.	
c.	adaptation to the external environment.	
d.	changes in body temperature.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 13	TOP:	The Concept of Homeostasis

	3.	From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are:
a.	organism, chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organelle.	
b.	chemical, microscopic, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.	
c.	organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, organelle, chemical.	
d.	chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 5 | Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	4.	The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are:
a.	molecules.	
b.	cells.	
c.	organelles.	
d.	atoms.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	5.	Groups of cells that are organized to perform a certain function are called a(n):
a.	tissue.	
b.	organism.	
c.	system.	
d.	organ.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	6.	An organ is one organizational step lower than a(n):
a.	system.	
b.	cell.	
c.	organelle.	
d.	tissue.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	7.	Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop?
a.	Effector	
b.	Transmitter	
c.	Sensor	
d.	Integrator	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Basic Components of Control Mechanisms	

	8.	All of the following systems and their organs participate in the actions of transport and defense within the human body except the:
a.	urinary system.	
b.	cardiovascular system.	
c.	lymphatic system.	
d.	Neither A nor C is involved in transport and defense.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Transportation and Defense

	9.	The body’s thermostat is located in the:
a.	heart.	
b.	cerebellum.	
c.	pituitary.	
d.	hypothalamus.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 15
TOP:	Basic Components of Control Mechanisms	

	10.	The reproductive system includes all of the following except the:
a.	testes.	
b.	ovaries.	
c.	ureter.	
d.	penis.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	11.	The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of:
a.	negative feedback.	
b.	positive feedback.	
c.	inhibitory feedback.	
d.	a feed-forward system	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 16 (Box 1-2)
TOP:	Positive Feedback Control Systems		

	12.	Negative feedback mechanisms:
a.	minimize changes in blood glucose levels.	
b.	maintain homeostasis.	
c.	are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature.	
d.	are all of the above.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 15
TOP:	Negative Feedback Control Systems		

	13.	The lungs are located in the:
a.	thoracic cavity.	
b.	mediastinum.	
c.	abdominal cavity.	
d.	cranial cavity.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8 (Table 1-3)
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	14.	The mediastinum contains all of the following except the:
a.	trachea.	
b.	venae cavae.	
c.	right lung.	
d.	esophagus.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8 (Table 1-3)
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	15.	The gallbladder lies in the:
a.	abdominal cavity.	
b.	pelvic cavity.	
c.	dorsal cavity.	
d.	mediastinum.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8 (Table 1-3)
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	16.	The number of abdominal regions is:
a.	three.	
b.	five.	
c.	seven.	
d.	nine.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 11 (Figure 1-5)
TOP:	Abdominal Regions	

	17.	Popliteal refers to the:
a.	calf.	
b.	ankle.	
c.	cheek.	
d.	area behind the knee.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Descriptive Terms for Body Regions		

	18.	A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called:
a.	sagittal.	
b.	frontal.	
c.	coronal.	
d.	transverse.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12
TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	19.	The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint?
a.	Umbilicus	
b.	Pubic bone	
c.	Xiphoid process	
d.	Iliac crest	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 9 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Abdominopelvic Quadrants

	20.	Humans have similar right and left sides of the body, at least superficially. This is an example of:
a.	anatomical position.	
b.	anterior symmetry.	
c.	ipsilateral position.	
d.	bilateral symmetry.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7
TOP:	Anatomical Position	

	21.	Two major cavities of the human body are:
a.	ventral/dorsal.	
b.	inferior/superior.	
c.	visceral/parietal.	
d.	axial/appendicular.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	22.	The dorsal cavity contains all of the following except the:
a.	brain.	
b.	spinal column.	
c.	spinal cord.	
d.	thyroid gland.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	23.	A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is:
a.	sagittal.	
b.	median.	
c.	coronal.	
d.	transverse.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12
TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	24.	The plane that divides the individual into upper and lower parts is the:
a.	sagittal plane.	
b.	frontal plane.	
c.	transverse plane.	
d.	superficial plane.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12
TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	25.	An idea that is supported by repeated experiments and observation is called a:
a.	fact.	
b.	theory.	
c.	concept.	
d.	hypothesis.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	26.	Molecules are:
a.	atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates.	
b.	electrons orbiting nuclei.	
c.	a complex of electrons arranged in concentric shells.	
d.	composed of cellular organelles.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 5
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	27.	The mitochondria is an example of a(n):
a.	molecule.	
b.	cytoplasm.	
c.	organelle.	
d.	plasma membrane.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	28.	Several kinds of tissues working together is termed a(n):
a.	plasma membrane.	
b.	organ.	
c.	organism.	
d.	organ system.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	29.	Blood production is a function of which system?
a.	Reproductive	
b.	Respiratory	
c.	Skeletal	
d.	Lymphatic	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Support and Movement

	30.	Positive feedback control systems:
a.	have no effect on the deviation from the set point.	
b.	accelerate a change.	
c.	ignore a change.	
d.	resist change.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 16
TOP:	Positive Feedback Control Systems		

	31.	The dorsal body cavity contains the:
a.	brain and spinal cord.	
b.	heart and lungs.	
c.	reproductive organs.	
d.	digestive organs.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	32.	The ventral body cavity contains the:
a.	thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.	
b.	heart and lungs only.	
c.	digestive and reproductive organs only.	
d.	brain and spinal cord.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	33.	The axial portion of the body consists of the:
a.	arms, neck, and legs.	
b.	neck, torso, and arms.	
c.	torso, arms, legs, and head.	
d.	head, neck, and torso.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8
TOP:	Body Regions		

	34.	The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the:
a.	stomach.	
b.	pancreas.	
c.	heart.	
d.	reproductive organs.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8 (Table 1-3)
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	35.	Visceral peritoneum would cover which of the following organs?
a.	Heart	
b.	Intestines	
c.	Lungs	
d.	Spinal cord	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	36.	A sagittal section divides the body into:
a.	upper and lower portions.	
b.	right and left portions.	
c.	front and back portions.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12
TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	37.	A frontal section divides the body into:
a.	upper and lower portions.	
b.	right and left portions.	
c.	front and back portions.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12
TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	38.	Axilla is a term referring to which body region?
a.	Anterior elbow	
b.	Armpit	
c.	Posterior knee	
d.	Groin	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Descriptive Terms for Body Regions		

	39.	Which of the following is not a major tissue of the body?
a.	Cutaneous tissue	
b.	Epithelial tissue	
c.	Connective tissue	
d.	Nervous tissue	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Tissue Level

	40.	Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of:
a.	the body trying to maintain homeostasis.	
b.	a positive feedback mechanism.	
c.	a negative feedback mechanism.	
d.	both A and C.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Synthesis	REF:	Page 13 | Page 16	
TOP:	Homeostasis | Negative Feedback Control Systems

	41.	Eponyms are:
a.	scientific terms that sound alike but are spelled differently.	
b.	scientific terms that can have more than one meaning.	
c.	scientific terms that are based on a person’s name.	
d.	none of the above.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 4
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	42.	An organ is one organizational step higher than a(n):
a.	system.	
b.	cell.	
c.	organelle.	
d.	tissue.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	43.	Which of the following does not describe anatomical position?
a.	Head pointing forward	
b.	Body standing erect	
c.	Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up	
d.	All of the above describe the body in the anatomical position.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7
TOP:	Anatomical Position	

	44.	Someone studying gross anatomy would not study which of the following?
a.	The location of the heart and chambers of the heart	
b.	Muscles of the arms and legs	
c.	The nucleus of the cell	
d.	All of the above would be studied.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3
TOP:	Anatomy

	45.	The parietal pleura covers:
a.	the lungs.	
b.	the heart.	
c.	the walls of the thoracic cavity.	
d.	both A and B.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	46.	The hollow part of an organ or body structure is called:
a.	the cortical part of the organ.	
b.	the lumen of the organ.	
c.	the medullary part of the organ.	
d.	the apical part of the organ.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 11
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs

	47.	The narrowest part of an organ or body structure is called:
a.	the cortical part of the organ.	
b.	the lumen of the organ.	
c.	the medullary part of the organ.	
d.	the apical part of the organ.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 11
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs

	48.	Which of the following is not a directional term of the body?
a.	Apical	
b.	Proximal	
c.	Superficial	
d.	Deep	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs

	49.	If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions?
a.	Oxytocin would stimulate stronger uterine contractions.	
b.	Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions.	
c.	There would be no changes in the strength of the uterine contractions.	
d.	Uterine contractions would initially become weak and then gain strength after the release of the hormone.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 16	
TOP:	Positive Feedback Control Systems		

	50.	What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer to the surface?
a.	Deep	
b.	Distal	
c.	Proximal	
d.	Superficial	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 10	TOP:	Directional Terms

	51.	If your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle?
a.	Distal	
b.	Proximal	
c.	Superficial	
d.	Superior	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 10	TOP:	Directional Terms

	52.	The study of the structure of the body is called:
a.	physiology.	
b.	anatomy.	
c.	dissection.	
d.	histology.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	53.	The study of the tissues of the body is called:
a.	anatomy.	
b.	physiology.	
c.	cytology.	
d.	histology.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	54.	A statement used as a proposed explanation for a scientific problem is the definition of:
a.	a law.	
b.	a theory.	
c.	a hypothesis.	
d.	an experiment.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	55.	The simplest level of organization in the human body is the chemical level. Which of the following is not part of this level?
a.	Organelle	
b.	Element	
c.	Macromolecule	
d.	All of the above are part of the chemical level.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 5
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	56.	The appendicular portion of the body would not include which of the following:
a.	The hand	
b.	The head	
c.	The foot	
d.	The leg	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8
TOP:	Body Regions		

	57.	The wrist would be proximal to:
a.	the elbow.	
b.	the fingers.	
c.	the shoulder.	
d.	both A and C.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 10	
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	58.	The knee would be distal to:
a.	the foot.	
b.	the toes.	
c.	the hip.	
d.	both A and B.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 10	
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	59.	Because humans walk upright, the terms posterior and this term mean to the same thing:
a.	Proximal	
b.	Medial	
c.	Ventral	
d.	Dorsal	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	60.	The heart is superior to:
a.	the stomach.	
b.	the head.	
c.	the knee.	
d.	both A and C.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 10	
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	61.	A coronal plane can also be called a:
a.	frontal plane.	
b.	sagittal plane.	
c.	transverse plane.	
d.	horizontal plane.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12
TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	62.	A horizontal plane can also be called a:
a.	frontal plane.	
b.	sagittal plane.	
c.	transverse plane.	
d.	coronal plane.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12
TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	63.	A plane that separates the right ear from the left ear would be a:
a.	frontal plane.	
b.	sagittal plane.	
c.	transverse plane.	
d.	horizontal plane.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 12	TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	64.	A plane that would separate the head and feet would be a:
a.	transverse plane.	
b.	sagittal plane.	
c.	coronal plane.	
d.	frontal plane.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 12	TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	65.	In the heating system example of a feedback loop, the thermometer is an example of:
a.	the sensor.	
b.	the effector.	
c.	the feedback.	
d.	both A and C.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 15	
TOP:	Basic Components of Control Mechanisms	

	66.	In the heating system example of a feedback loop, the thermostat is an example of the:
a.	sensor.	
b.	effector.	
c.	integrator.	
d.	feedback.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 15	
TOP:	Basic Components of Control Mechanisms	

	67.	In the heating system example of a feedback loop, the furnace is an example of the:
a.	sensor.	
b.	effector.	
c.	integrator.	
d.	feedback.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 15	
TOP:	Basic Components of Control Mechanisms	

MATCHING

Match each organ to its corresponding system.
a.	Respiratory	
b.	Digestive	
c.	Urinary	
d.	Reproductive	
e.	Endocrine	
f.	Cardiovascular	
g.	Integumentary	
h.	Muscular	
i.	Skeletal	
j.	Nervous	

	1.	___ Tendons

	2.	___ Pituitary gland

	3.	___ Skin

	4.	___ Capillaries

	5.	___ Ligaments

	6.	___ Spinal cord

	7.	___ Bronchial tree

	8.	___ Testes and ovaries

	9.	___ Large and small intestines

	10.	___ Ureters

	1.	ANS:	H	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	2.	ANS:	E	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	3.	ANS:	G	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	4.	ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	5.	ANS:	I	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	6.	ANS:	J	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	7.	ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	8.	ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	9.	ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	10.	ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

Match each term to its associated region.
a.	Abdominal	
b.	Brachial	
c.	Cervical	
d.	Coxal	
e.	Cutaneous	
f.	Digital	
g.	Femoral	
h.	Lumbar	

	11.	___ Thigh

	12.	___ Arm

	13.	___ Anterior torso

	14.	___ Lower back between ribs and pelvis

	15.	___ Fingers and toes

	16.	___ Hip

	17.	___ Skin

	18.	___ Neck

	11.	ANS:	G	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions		

	12.	ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions		

	13.	ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions		

	14.	ANS:	H	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions		

	15.	ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions		

	16.	ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions		

	17.	ANS:	E	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions		

	18.	ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10 (Table 1-4)
TOP:	Body Regions		

Match each term to its correct corresponding statement.
a.	Superior	
b.	Inferior	
c.	Anterior	
d.	Posterior	
e.	Medial	
f.	Lateral	
g.	Proximal	
h.	Distal	
i.	Superficial	

	19.	The great toe is _____ to the little toe.

	20.	The skin is _____ to the muscles beneath it.

	21.	The vertebrae are located on the _____ aspect of the body.

	22.	The hand is _____ to the shoulder.

	23.	The abdomen is _____ to the head.

	24.	The lungs are _____ to the intestines.

	25.	The nose is located on the _____ surface of the head.

	26.	The knee is _____ to the ankle.

	27.	The ear is on the _____ aspect of the head.

	19.	ANS:	E	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	20.	ANS:	I	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	21.	ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	22.	ANS:	H	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	23.	ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	24.	ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	25.	ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	26.	ANS:	G	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	27.	ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

Match the systems with the functions.
a.	Reproduction and development	
b.	Processing, regulation, maintenance	
c.	Outer protection	
d.	Support and movement	
e.	Communication, control, integration	
f.	Transportation and defense	

	28.	___ Nervous system

	29.	___ Muscular system and skeletal system

	30.	___ Circulatory system and lymphatic system

	31.	___ Respiratory system, digestive system, and endocrine system

	32.	___ Reproductive system

	33.	___ Integumentary system

	28.	ANS:	E	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	29.	ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	30.	ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	31.	ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	32.	ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

	33.	ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6 (Table 1-2)
TOP:	Body Systems		

Match the terms related to organs to their definition or explanation.
a.	Medullary	
b.	Basal	
c.	Apical	
d.	Cortical	
e.	Lumen	

	34.	___ The base or widest part of the organ

	35.	___ The outer region or layer of an organ

	36.	___ The hollow part of an organ or tube of the body

	37.	___ The inner region of an organ

	38.	___ The narrow part or point of an organ

	34.	ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 11
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

	35.	ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 11
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

	36.	ANS:	E	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 11
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

	37.	ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 11
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

	38.	ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 11
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

Match each description with its level of organization.
a.	Chemical level	
b.	Organelle level	
c.	Cellular level	
d.	Tissue level	
e.	Organ level	
f.	System level	
g.	Organism level	

	39.	___ The highest level of organization

	40.	___ Level that includes mitochondria

	41.	___ Level composed of the smallest structure that possesses the basic characteristics of living matter

	42.	___ Level at which the tissues work together to perform a specific function

	43.	___ Level of organization that includes macromolecules

	44.	___ Level described as cells working together to perform a specific function

	45.	___ Level of organization at which a group of organs work together to perform specific complex functions

	39.	ANS:	G	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	40.	ANS:	B	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 5
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	41.	ANS:	C	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	42.	ANS:	E	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	43.	ANS:	A	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 5
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	44.	ANS:	D	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	45.	ANS:	F	DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 6
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

OTHER

	1.	In simple terms, what are the characteristics of life?

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 4	TOP:	Characteristics of Human Life

	2.	Define the terms anatomy and physiology.

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 3	
TOP:	Human Anatomy and Physiology

	3.	Diagram or describe a homeostatic control mechanism, including the basic components.

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Synthesis	REF:	Page 14 | Page 15		
TOP:	Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

	4.	How does childbirth demonstrate positive feedback?

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Synthesis	REF:	Page 16 (Box 1-3)		
TOP:	Positive Feedback Control Systems		

	5.	Explain the feed-forward control system, and give an example of one in the body.

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 16	TOP:	Feed-Forward in Control Systems

	6.	List in order and explain the levels of biological organization.

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Application	REF:	Page 5 | Page 6		
TOP:	Levels of Structural Organization

	7.	Describe anatomical position. What is meant by bilateral symmetry?

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7	TOP:	Anatomical Position

	8.	Name and give the contents of the two major cavities in the human body.

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 7 | Page 8	
TOP:	Body Cavities		

	9.	What are parietal and visceral membranes? Give an example of each.

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 8	TOP:	Body Cavities

	10.	Name and explain the 10 terms used in anatomical directions.

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 10	
TOP:	Terms Related to Anatomical Direction	

	11.	Name and explain the seven terms related to organs or organ systems.

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 11 | Page 12	
TOP:	Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

	12.	Name and describe the three major body planes of the body.

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Memorization			REF:	Page 12	TOP:	Body Planes and Sections

	13.	Challenge: Using either a living or nonliving system, give an example of a system that tries to maintain a relatively constant condition by using a negative feedback mechanism.

ANS:	
Answers will vary.

DIF:	Synthesis	REF:	Page 14 | Page 16		
TOP:	Basic Components of Control Mechanisms