Chapter 01: Concepts of Health and Disease, Standard Precautions, Transmission-Based Precautions, Cleaning and Disinfection Procedures
Salvo: Mosby’s Pathology for Massage Professionals, 5th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Which term means the study of disease?
a.	Physiology	
b.	Pathology	
c.	Pharmacology	
d.	Psychology	

ANS:	B
“Patho” stems from Greek meaning disease; “-ology” implies “study of”.

REF:	p. 3	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	2.	Which term means any illness that is characterized by recognizable signs and symptoms?
a.	Disease	
b.	Handicap	
c.	Liability	
d.	Disorder	

ANS:	A
A disease features signs and symptoms in relation to conditions of abnormal function in the body.

REF:	p. 3	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	3.	Which term means a prediction of how a disease will progress and the chances of recovery?
a.	Prognosis	
b.	Diagnosis	
c.	Palpation	
d.	Determination	

ANS:	A
A prognosis is a prediction on the course of a disease and the person’s chance of recovery.

REF:	p. 3	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	4.	Which term means objective indicators of disease such as swelling, skin rashes, and fever?
a.	Signs	
b.	Complications	
c.	Symptoms	
d.	Diagnosis	

ANS:	A
Signs are objective evidence related to a disease; they can be measured and observed by others.

REF:	p. 3	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	5.	Which term means subjective feelings such as headaches, nausea, pain, and anxiety?
a.	Situation	
b.	Syndrome	
c.	Signs	
d.	Symptoms	

ANS:	D
Symptoms are subjective evidence related to a disease; they are apparent only to the person experiencing them.

REF:	p. 3	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	6.	A group of signs and symptoms occurring together to present a particular disease or abnormality is called a
a.	prognosis.	
b.	complication.	
c.	syndrome.	
d.	reservoir.	

ANS:	C
A syndrome presents with characteristic signs and symptoms, or increases the chance of developing an illness.

REF:	p. 3	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	7.	Disease that is distributed throughout the body is called
a.	chronic.	
b.	systemic.	
c.	acute.	
d.	contagious.	

ANS:	B
Systemic diseases affect multiple systems throughout the entire body.

REF:	p. 4	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	8.	Which type of disease has an abrupt onset of severe signs and symptoms then runs a brief course?
a.	Acute	
b.	Local	
c.	Chronic	
d.	Delayed	

ANS:	A
Acute diseases present for brief courses of time, usually about 3 months.

REF:	p. 5	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	9.	Which type of disease develops gradually and lasts longer than 6 months?
a.	Acute	
b.	Local	
c.	Chronic	
d.	Delayed	

ANS:	C
Chronic diseases present for longer time periods, 6 months up to entire lifespan.

REF:	p. 5	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	10.	A period of partial or complete disappearance of the signs and symptoms of chronic disease is called a
a.	flare-up.	
b.	complication.	
c.	remission.	
d.	syndrome.	

ANS:	C
Remission is a period of partial or complete disappearance of signs and symptoms of a disease.

REF:	p. 6	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	11.	Which term means a period of increased signs and symptoms?
a.	Remission	
b.	Chronic	
c.	Syndrome	
d.	Exacerbation	

ANS:	D
Exacerbation is a period of increases signs and symptoms of a disease.

REF:	p. 6	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	12.	Which process occurs when the body mistakes its own tissues for something foreign?
a.	The tissues are attacked, and the immune system is depleted.	
b.	The immune system soon recognizes the tissues as normal and never attacks them again.	
c.	The tissues attack the immune system, shutting it down.	
d.	The immune system is stimulated by the tissues to prevent infection by pathogens.	

ANS:	A
An autoimmune disease involves the immune system mistaking the body’s own tissues as foreign and destroys them.

REF:	p. 6	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	13.	Infectious diseases are caused by
a.	exposure to cancer-causing agents.	
b.	disruption in the body’s metabolism.	
c.	genetics.	
d.	pathogens.	

ANS:	D
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi.

REF:	p. 8	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	14.	Which example violates contact precautions of infection control?
a.	Massaging while positive for tuberculosis.	
b.	Sneezing without covering the nose.	
c.	Contacting open containers of lubricant.	
d.	Failure to wear a mask while having the flu.	

ANS:	C
Contact precautions lower the risk of transmitting pathogens that can be spread by direct or indirect contact, such as touching an open container of lubricant.

REF:	p. 11	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	15.	Which term means an organism in which pathogens reside?
a.	Reservoir	
b.	Portal	
c.	Host	
d.	Prion	

ANS:	C
A host is a residency in which pathogens can harbor, depending on it for nourishment and replication.

REF:	p. 9	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	16.	Which terms means the source of infection, living or environmental?
a.	Portal	
b.	Prion	
c.	Host	
d.	Reservoir	

ANS:	D
A reservoir is a source, living (such as an animal) or environmental (such as soil or water), where pathogens live and multiply.

REF:	p. 9	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	17.	Which terms means a biologic agent capable of causing disease?
a.	Portal	
b.	Contaminant	
c.	Pathogen	
d.	Fomite	

ANS:	C
A pathogen is biologic meaning it may multiply actively within a host, causing disease.

REF:	p. 8	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	18.	Which term means the existence of pathogens in or on a part of the body without causing disease?
a.	Transmission	
b.	Contamination	
c.	Exacerbation	
d.	Colonization	

ANS:	D
Colonization means that pathogens are on a body surface such as the skin or a tract leading outside the body but these pathogens are not causing disease.

REF:	p. 11	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	19.	Which type of infection describes vehicle transmission of organisms?
a.	Sexual contact	
b.	Bite from an animal	
c.	Pathogens in a water source	
d.	Pathogens crossing the placenta	

ANS:	C
Means of vehicle contamination include food, water, air and, in some cases, blood.

REF:	p. 10	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	20.	Which process is a way the immune system responds to protect tissues from injury?
a.	Inflammation	
b.	Incubation period	
c.	Prodromal period	
d.	Exacerbation	

ANS:	A
Inflammation is a normal immune response to infection and trauma; its signs and symptoms include redness, pain, heat, swelling, and sometimes loss of function.

REF:	p. 10	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	21.	Which term means a set of infection control measures developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?
a.	Hygiene	
b.	Disinfection	
c.	Standard precautions	
d.	Risk factors	

ANS:	C
Standard precautions were defined by the CDC in 1996.

REF:	p. 11	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	22.	When a therapist feels symptoms of a cold or contagious illness, he or she should
a.	wear a mask over his or her nose and mouth to reduce the spread of airborne particles.	
b.	wear gloves to reduce the spread of infection.	
c.	cancel appoints and offer to reschedule, or refer the client to an associate.	
d.	have an antimicrobial agent in the treatment room.	

ANS:	C
Cancelling appointments by an ill practitioner will avoid transmitting contagious illness to a client.

REF:	pp. 8-10	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	23.	Causative factors or origins of disease are called its
a.	prognosis.	
b.	idiopathy.	
c.	transmission.	
d.	etiology.	

ANS:	D
The etiology of disease describes the causative factors or origins of disease.

REF:	p. 4	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	24.	If a disease has an unknown cause, it is called
a.	acute.	
b.	idiopathic.	
c.	autoimmune.	
d.	chronic.	

ANS:	B
An idiopathic disease has no known cause.

REF:	p. 4	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	25.	What is the minimum number of seconds the hands should be washed?
a.	5	
b.	10	
c.	15	
d.	20	

ANS:	D
Washing hands for at least 20 seconds will ensure proper sanitation.

REF:	p. 12	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)

	26.	Which term means helping people improve their control over their own well-being?
a.	Prodromal period	
b.	Standard precautions	
c.	Health promotion	
d.	Biomedical model	

ANS:	C
Health promotion is the process of empowering people to increase their control over, and to increase, their own health.

REF:	p. 3	TOP:	MTBOK: section 210.4 (Pathology)		
MSC:	ELAP: section 13.0 (Using Anatomic and Health Care Terminology)